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Eco-401
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Conflict Management HRM-624
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Research Method (STA-630)
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Business Communication
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Cost and Management Accounting
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Money and Banking
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Organizational Behaviour
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CS-507
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E-Commerece
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Eco-401
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Human Relation HRM-611
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Research Method STA-630
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Conflict Management HRM 624
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CS-507
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Research Method
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Strategic Management
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Financial Statement Analysis (Fin-612)
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Conflict Management
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Human Relation
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Marketing Management (Mkt-501)
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Production and Operations Management (Mgt-613)
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Like millions of other Americans, I often have trouble with insomnia — either I can't fall asleep, or I awake prematurely and am unable to get back to sleep. The following sleep tips, compiled from various sources, may prove helpful to some of my fellow insomniacs.
> Only use your bed for sleeping or having sex, not for reading, doing paperwork, watching TV, snacking, or making phone calls.

> If you've been lying in bed but are beginning to fear you're not going to drop off, try some of these techniques: Count sheep or count backwards from 100 (one of my favorites) to stop yourself from thinking about the problems of yesterday or tomorrow; breathe deeply for awhile; or visualize some peaceful place.

> If you can't get to sleep after lying in bed for 30 minutes or more, get up for awhile. What to do? Try reading something incredibly boring.

> Develop a bedtime routine.

> Keep regular bedtime hours.

> Before bedtime, avoid tobacco and caffeinated beverages (not just coffee, but other drinks like tea, cola, and Dr. Pepper).

> Avoid alcohol right before bedtime — a nightcap might get your mind fuzzy enough to put you to sleep, but such sleep may be interrupted by periods of awakening. By contrast, the stress-lowering effect of a drink with dinner may help to promote sleep later.

> Avoid naps (or falling asleep in front of boring TV programs, as I do).

> Try to get up at the same time every day rather than sleeping in on weekends.

> Exercise every day, but not shortly before bedtime since exercise gets the adrenaline going.

> If you use an illuminated clock for a wakeup alarm, place it where you can't keep looking at it to check the time.

> Buy a firm mattress and keep your bedroom well ventilated (a cool temperature works best for me).

> And you might also try some of these: a warm bath, warm milk, light bedtime snack, massage, or quiet music (which turns itself off automatically).

> Use earplugs for extreme quiet.

> If you have a painful joint or a headache, take a pain pill before bedtime (but be sure it doesn't contain caffeine).

> Avoid stimulating reading or television shows late at night.
If the insomnia stubbornly persists, check with your doctor to make sure some underlying health problem (such as depression, anxiety, hyperthyroidism, heart failure, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) isn't keeping you awake. If all is well, you might ask for one of the several types of prescription sleeping pills that can be useful in the short term.

HAVE LOVELY SLEEPS

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No one can live a long and healthy life without the will to go on; sometimes mood swings can make us feel that life is too much for us.

A bad mood not only gives you a gloomy outlook, it also lowers your immune function, leading the way to illness. Here are some suggestions to lift your mood, your spirit, and your health.

1. A Laughing Matter
"Laugh Therapy," pioneered by Norman Cousins, has turned out to have real substance. Research has discovered that laughter and joy boost immune functions, especially the production of the natural killer cells that help defend the body from illness and cancer.

Laughter also increases the release of endorphins - compounds that give you a sense of well-being - in your brain. Without a doubt, joyful people liver longer and healthier lives. So read your favorite comics, watch your favorite comedies, and laugh it up!

2. Amino Acid for Restored Mindset
When an imbalance or deficiency is creating a bad mood, the Europeans use supplements of a natural compound found in human cells to regulate mood and restore a healthy mindset. SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine) is produced from methionine, an amino acid that plays a role in the production of uplifting neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine.

One study indicated that SAMe worked on patients who had unsuccessful results with conventional antidepressants. To get a boost from SAMe, take a supplement combining it with vitamins B6 and B12.

3. Hands-On Healing
Human touch increases the production of endorphins, growth hormone, and DHEA, all of which lengthen your life span and lower the negative impact of stress. Studies have found that patients who are regularly touched recover faster than those who are not touched. So give someone a hug and feel both of your moods improve.

4. Boost Your "Youth Hormones"
You don't need pills to flood your body with a rejuvenating flood of growth hormones. Research has found that doing squats and leg presses will greatly increase your natural production of the "youth hormone". Increased growth hormone translates to an elevated mood, among other physical benefits. Keep it up with weight training, knee bends, push-ups, and rowing.

5. Take a Bracing Breath
Breathing correctly is important for dispelling the toxins and wastes from your body; in fact, it is estimated that we expel only about 30 percent of toxins in our bodies through the bowels and bladder-the rest is all respiratory. Breathing is also a great way to clear your mind, boost your energy, and improve your mood. Practice deep, slow, rhythmic, breathing daily with mind-body disciplines such as tai chi, yoga, qigong, and meditation.

6. Smell the Joy
Research has shown that smell has a definite impact on our bodies and minds. When you stimulate the olfactory nerves inside your nose, you activate the limbic system of your brain, which is associated with moods and memory. This concept is instrumental to aromatherapy, a natural health tradition that makes use of the healing powers of plants with strong scents.

Aromatherapy recommends treating depression with jasmine, eucalyptus for exhilaration, and grapefruit to increase alertness and joy. Just put a dab of the essential oils from these plants on your temples, back of your neck, or acupressure points. Another option? Boil the herb in water and inhale the steam through your nose.

7. Feel Fine with Flowers
There is a reason that flowers are the traditional get-well gesture. Colorful flowers have a powerful influence on moods; they can uplift a patient's mood and even combat stress. One study found that during a five-minute typing assignment, people sitting next to a flowering bouquet were more relaxed than those who sat near foliage-only plants.

I hope these tips help the good feelings flow! I invite you to visit often and share your own personal health and longevity tips with me.

May you live long, live strong, and live happy!

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The biggest factor that determines how well you age is not your genes but how well you live. Not convinced? A new study published in the British Medical Journal of 20,000 British folks shows that you can cut your risk of having a stroke in half by doing the following four things: being active for 30 minutes a day, eating five daily servings of fruit and vegetables, and avoiding cigarettes and excess alcohol.

While those are some of the obvious steps you can take to age well, researchers have discovered that centenarians tend to share certain traits in how they eat, move about, and deal with stress—the sorts of things we can emulate to improve our own aging process. Of course, getting to age 100 is enormously more likely if your parents did. Still, Thomas Perls, who studies the century-plus set at Boston University School of Medicine, believes that assuming you've sidestepped genes for truly fatal diseases like Huntington's, "there's nothing stopping you from living independently well into your 90s." Heck, if your parents and grandparents were heavy smokers, they might have died prematurely without ever reaching their true potential lifespan, so go ahead and shoot for those triple digits by following these 10 habits.

1. Don't retire. "Evidence shows that in societies where people stop working abruptly, the incidence of obesity and chronic disease skyrockets after retirement," says Luigi Ferrucci, director of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. The Chianti region of Italy, which has a high percentage of centenarians, has a different take on leisure time. "After people retire from their jobs, they spend most of the day working on their little farm, cultivating grapes or vegetables," he says. "They're never really inactive." Farming isn't for you? Volunteer as a docent at your local art museum or join the Experience Corps, a program offered in 19 cities that places senior volunteers in urban public elementary schools for about 15 hours a week.

2. Floss every day. That may help keep your arteries healthy. A 2008 New York University study showed that daily flossing reduced the amount of gum-disease-causing bacteria in the mouth. This bacteria is thought to enter the bloodstream and trigger inflammation in the arteries, a major risk factor for heart disease. Other research has shown that those who have high amounts of bacteria in their mouth are more likely to have thickening in their arteries, another sign of heart disease. "I really do think people should floss twice a day to get the biggest life expectancy benefits," stresses Perls.

3. Move around. "Exercise is the only real fountain of youth that exists," says Jay Olshansky, a professor of medicine and aging researcher at the University of Illinois at Chicago. "It's like the oil and lube job for your car. You don't have to do it, but your car will definitely run better." Study after study has documented the benefits of exercise to improve your mood, mental acuity, balance, muscle mass, and bones. "And the benefits kick in immediately after your first workout," Olshansky adds. Don't worry if you're not a gym rat. Those who see the biggest payoffs are the ones who go from doing nothing to simply walking around the neighborhood or local mall for about 30 minutes a day. Building muscle with resistance training is also ideal, but yoga classes can give you similar strength-training effects if you're not into weight lifting.

4. Eat a fiber-rich cereal for breakfast. Getting a serving of whole-grains, especially in the morning, appears to help older folks maintain stable blood sugar levels throughout the day, according to a recent study conducted by Ferrucci and his colleagues. "Those who do this have a lower incidence of diabetes, a known accelerator of aging," he says.

5. Get at least six hours of shut-eye. Instead of skimping on sleep to add more hours to your day, get more to add years to your life. "Sleep is one of the most important functions that our body uses to regulate and heal cells," says Ferrucci. "We've calculated that the minimum amount of sleep that older people need to get those healing REM phases is about six hours." Those who reach the century mark make sleep a top priority.

6. Consume whole foods, not supplements. Strong evidence suggests that people who have high blood levels of certain nutrients—selenium, beta-carotene, vitamins C and E—age much better and have a slower rate of cognitive decline. Unfortunately, there's no evidence that taking pills with these nutrients provides those antiaging benefits. "There are more than 200 different carotenoids and 200 different flavonoids in a single tomato," points out Ferrucci, "and these chemicals can all have complex interactions that foster health beyond the single nutrients we know about like lycopene or vitamin C." Avoid nutrient-lacking white foods (breads, flour, sugar) and go for all those colorful fruits and vegetables and dark whole-grain breads and cereals with their host of hidden nutrients.

7. Be less neurotic. It may work for Woody Allen, who infuses his worries with a healthy dose of humor, but the rest of us neurotics may want to find a new way to deal with stress. "We have a new study coming out that shows that centenarians tend not to internalize things or dwell on their troubles," says Perls. "They are great at rolling with the punches." If this inborn trait is hard to overcome, find better ways to manage when you're stressed: Yoga, exercise, meditation, tai chi, or just deep breathing for a few moments are all good. Ruminating, eating chips in front of the TV, binge drinking? Bad, very bad.

8. Live like a Seventh Day Adventist. Americans who define themselves as Seventh Day Adventists have an average life expectancy of 89, about a decade longer than the average American. One of the basic tenets of the religion is that it's important to cherish the body that's on loan from God, which means no smoking, alcohol abuse, or overindulging in sweets. Followers typically stick to a vegetarian diet based on fruits, vegetables, beans, and nuts, and get plenty of exercise. They're also very focused on family and community.

9. Be a creature of habit. Centenarians tend to live by strict routines, says Olshansky, eating the same kind of diet and doing the same kinds of activities their whole lives. Going to bed and waking up at the same time each day is another good habit to keep your body in the steady equilibrium that can be easily disrupted as you get on in years. "Your physiology becomes frailer when you get older," explains Ferrucci, "and it's harder for your body to bounce back if you, say, miss a few hours of sleep one night or drink too much alcohol." This can weaken immune defenses, leaving you more susceptible to circulating flu viruses or bacterial infections.

10. Stay connected. Having regular social contacts with friends and loved ones is key to avoiding depression, which can lead to premature death, something that's particularly prevalent in elderly widows and widowers. Some psychologists even think that one of the biggest benefits elderly folks get from exercise the strong social interactions that come from walking with a buddy or taking a group exercise class. Having a daily connection with a close friend or family member gives older folks the added benefit of having someone watch their back. "They'll tell you if they think your memory is going or if you seem more withdrawn," says Perls, "and they might push you to see a doctor before you recognize that you need to see one yourself."

HAVE A NICE N HAPPY LIFE

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-----------------Past Papers----------------

IT430 papers
Download

Eco-401
Download

Human Relation HRM-611
Download

Conflict Management HRM-624

Download

Research Method (STA-630)
Download

Business Communication
Download

Cost and Management Accounting
Download

Economics
Download

Financial Management
Download

Money and Banking
Download

Organizational Behaviour
Download


----------------Assignments-------------

CS-507
Download

E-Commerece
Download

Eco-401
Download

Human Relation HRM-611
Download

Research Method STA-630
Download

Conflict Management HRM 624
Download

----------------Handouts----------------

CS-507
Download

Research Method
Download

Strategic Management
Download

Financial Statement Analysis (Fin-612)
Download

Conflict Management
Download

Human Relation
Download

Marketing Management (Mkt-501)
Download

E-Commerce(IT-430)
Download

Production and Operations Management (Mgt-613)
Download

Economics (Eco-401)
Download

Human Resource Management (Mgt-501)
Download

Dear Students,

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If you are away from your computer (PC) and want to keep in touch with our websit anyway, just email us your mobile/cell/Vfon number at "virtual.uni.help.updater@gmail.com". We 100% keep you touch with our website (www.VUsolutions.blogspot.com).

Please feel free to comments on this offer, all type of comments will highly be appreciated and responded.

BEST OF LUCK

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1 A
2 C
3 D
4 D
5 D
6 B
7 A
8 B
9 A
10 A

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______________________________

QUIZ 2

1. __________ occurs when organizational development practitioners claim that
an intervention will produce results that are unreasonable for the change
program or the situation.
a. Ethical Dilemmas
b. Misrepresentation
c. Coercion
d. Spirit of inquiry

2. “Decreasing number of customers” represents what in organization
development process?
a. A rapid change in organization
b. Diagnosis of problem
c. A specific problem
d. A general problem

3. “Organization development practitioner should consult the relevant
employees”. This is an example of which of the following contracting
process?
a. Describing
b. Mutual Expectations
c. Time and Resources
d. Ground Rules

4. Which of the following statement is true for development oriented diagnosis?
a. Managers are d in organization development when the organization
is not facing a problem
b. Managers are d in organization development when the organization
is facing small problems
c. Managers are d in organization development when the organization
is facing small but not significant problems
d. Managers are d in organization development when the organization
is facing major problems
5. In organizational systems, alignment refers to which of the following?
a. A concept that a manager can use varying degrees of inputs into the
organization
b. Development of a variety of satisfactory options
c. Transforming variety of options in a variety of ways to obtain satisfactory
outputs
d. A characteristic of the relationship between two or more parts
6. “How well the organization has met the expectations of different groups”
represents which of the following?
a. Stakeholder satisfaction
b. Productivity
c. Financial outputs
d. Nonprofit outputs
7. Which one of the following is the component of output at group level
diagnosis?
a. Goal clarity
b. Team effectiveness
c. Team functioning
d. Group composition
8. Coordination is most important for groups performing which of the following
tasks?
a. Independent tasks
b. Interdependent tasks
c. Mutually exclusive tasks
d. Self regulatory tasks
9. Which one of the following is NOT the component of design component at
individual level?
a. Skill variety
b. Task identity
c. Individual effectiveness
d. Task significant
10. “Responses can be quantified and easily summarized” is advantage of:
a. Interview
b. Questionnaire
c. Observation
d. Unobtrusive measures

1 D
2 B
3 D
4 A
5 A
6 D
7 A
8 C
9 D
10 A

[[NOTE:- We always try our best to upload 100% correct solution BUT it is requested that you kindly review it before submission, please.]]
------------------------------------

1. All of the following are the grounds to give birth to total quality approach EXCEPT:

A. Obsession with quantity
B. Confusion and poor leadership
C. One employee in charge
D. Political disorder

2. Which of the following was developed by Motorola to improve its processes by
minimizing defects?
A. ISO 9000
B. Six sigma
C. QS 9000
D. TQM

3. Quality applies to which aspect(s) of the organization?
A. Products only
B. Products and services
C. People and product
D. Products, services, and people

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Deming’s philosophy?
A. It is based on improving products and services by reducing uncertainty and variability in the design and manufacturing processes
B. Quality is either or not present in the whole organization; that quality is the responsibility of everyone in the organization
C. Increasing conformance to specifications through elimination of defects, supported extensively by statistical tools for analysis
D. Increasing loss, for the producer, the customer, and society, associated with increasing variability from a target value

5. Which of the following statements, in relation to system, is TRUE for people failing to understand the components of Profound Knowledge?
A. They see the symptoms but not the deep causes of problems
B. They do not know when expectations are realistic
C. They do not understand motivation/why people do what they do
D. They do not know how to plan and accomplish learning and improvement

6. "Problems will remain unsolved, despite their best efforts." When this will happen?

A. When people don’t understand systems
B. When people don’t understand psychology
C. When people don’t understand variation
D. When people don’t understand the theory of knowledge

7. Which stage in the Shewhart Cycle implements the change on a small scale?
A. Do stage
B. Act stage
C. Plan stage
D. Check stage

8. Which of the following s determining what to control, establishing units of
measurement so that data may be objectively evaluated?
A. Quality improvement
B. Quality planning
C. Quality control
D. Quality process

9. All of the following steps are required for quality planning EXCEPT:
A. Determine who the customers are
B. Deploy the plans to operational levels
C. Identify customers’ needs
D. Assess actual quality performance

10. Which of the following is an answer to the First Absolute of Quality Management
as summarized by Crosby; what is quality?
A. Conformance to requirements
B. Prevention
C. Zero defects
D. Price of nonconformance

1. Which of the following is referred as “the physical ability to perform athletic activity?”
a. Health
b. Fitness
c. Alertness
d. Activeness

2. When levels of glycogen become excessively ________, the an aerobically trained
metabolism turns to blood sugar as its secondary source of fuel
a. Low
b. High
c. Fast
d. None of the given options

3. Fatigue, recurrent, exercise injuries, low blood sugar patterns, depression and
anxiety, fat metabolism problems are the symptoms directly related to excessive
_________ raining of your metabolism
a. Aerobic
b. Anaerobic
c. Fitness
d. Balanced

4. Infant mortality in poor countries is __________ per 1,000 live births.
a. 85
b. 115
c. 100
d. 150

5. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of group decision making?
a. Minority domination
b. Increased legitimacy
c. Generate more alternatives
d. Increase acceptance of a solution

6. _____________ makes people different, yet similar, in many ways.
a. Intelligence
b. Family life
c. Personality
d. Motivation

7. If you activate your aerobic system with proper exercise and diet, you burn which of
the following as your primary fuel?
a. Water
b. Glucose
c. Vitamins
d. Fat

8. Which of the following is not one of the types of teams?
a. Functional teams
b. Cross functional teams
c. Virtual teams
d. Managed teams

9. “A form of conformity in which group members feel extensive pressure to align their
opinions with other’s opinion” is called _____________.
a. Role
b. Norm
c. Status
d. Group think

10. Conflict that prevents a group from achieving its goals is called:
a. Functional conflict
b. Task conflict
c. Dysfunctional conflict
d. Process conflict


[[NOTE:- We always try our best to upload 100% correct solution BUT it is requested that you kindly review it before submission, please.]]

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1 A
2 A
3 A
4 A
5 A
6 D
7 D
8 D
9 D
10 C
11 B
12 C
13 C
14 B
15 C
16 D
17 C
18 B
19 C
20 D

[[NOTE:- We always try our best to upload 100% correct solution BUT it is requested that you kindly review it before submission, please.]]

"He who has health has hope, and he who has hope has everything." -Arabian Proverb

1. Move More
Make it a daily challenge to find ways to move your body. Climb stairs if given a choice between that and escalators or elevators. Walk your dog; chase your kids; toss balls with friends, mow the lawn. Anything that moves your limbs is not only a fitness tool, it's a stress buster. Think 'move' in small increments of time. It doesn't have to be an hour in the gym or a 45-minute aerobic dance class or tai chi or kickboxing. But that's great when you're up to it. Meanwhile, move more. Thought for the day: Cha, Cha, Cha…. Then do it!

2. Cut Fat
Avoid the obvious such as fried foods, burgers and other fatty meats (i.e. pork, bacon, ham, salami, ribs and sausage). Dairy products such as cheese, cottage cheese, milk and cream should be eaten in low fat versions. Nuts and sandwich meats, mayonnaise, margarine, butter and sauces should be eaten in limited amounts. Most are available in lower fat versions such as substitute butter, fat free cheeses and mayonnaise. Thought for the day: Lean, mean, fat-burning machine…. Then be one!

3. Quit Smoking
The jury is definitely in on this verdict. Ever since 1960 when the Surgeon General announced that smoking was harmful to your health, Americans have been reducing their use of tobacco products that kill. Just recently, we've seen a surge in smoking in adolescents and teens. Could it be the Hollywood influence? It seems the stars in every movie of late smoke cigarettes. Beware. Warn your children of the false romance or 'tough guy' stance of Hollywood smokers. Thought for the day: Give up just one cigarette…. the next one.

4. Reduce Stress
Easier said than done, stress busters come in many forms. Some techniques recommended by experts are to think positive thoughts. Spend 30 minutes a day doing something you like. (i.e.,Soak in a hot tub; walk on the beach or in a park; read a good book; visit a friend; play with your dog; listen to soothing music; watch a funny movie. Get a massage, a facial or a haircut. Meditate. Count to ten before losing your temper or getting aggravated. Avoid difficult people when possible. Thought for the day: When seeing red, think pink clouds….then float on them.

5. Protect Yourself from Pollution
If you can't live in a smog-free environment, at least avoid smoke-filled rooms, high traffic areas, breathing in highway fumes and exercising near busy thoroughfares. Exercise outside when the smog rating is low. Exercise indoors in air conditioning when air quality is good. Plant lots of shrubbery in your yard. It's a good pollution and dirt from the street deterrent. Thought for the day: 'Smoke gets in your eyes'…and your mouth, and your nose and your lungs as do pollutants….hum the tune daily.

6. Wear Your Seat Belt
Statistics show that seat belts add to longevity and help alleviate potential injuries in car crashes. Thought for the day: Buckle down and buckle up.

7. Floss Your Teeth
Recent studies make a direct connection between longevity and teeth flossing. Nobody knows exactly why. Perhaps it's because people who floss tend to be more health conscious than people who don't? Thought for the day: Floss and be your body's boss.

8. Avoid Excessive Drinking
While recent studies show a glass of wine or one drink a day (two for men) can help protect against heart disease, more than that can cause other health problems such as liver and kidney disease and cancer. Thought for the day: A jug of wine should last a long time.

9. Keep a Positive Mental Outlook
There's a definitive connection between living well and healthfully and having a cheerful outlook on life. Thought for the day: You can't be unhappy when you're smiling or singing.

10. Choose Your Parents Well
The link between genetics and health is a powerful one. But just because one or both of your parents died young in ill health doesn't mean you cannot counteract the genetic pool handed you. Thought for the day: Follow these basic tips for healthy living and you can better control your own destiny.

You do not have to read many success stories before you start wishing you could work for yourself. The opportunity to be your own boss and the potential for high income are enough to entice us to venture on our own. But what can you do? What kind of business would you be suitable to start? We have compiled the top 10 ways to earn money at home, enough to be a full-time self-employed businessperson!

1. Antiques

The buying and selling of antiques has been and should continue to be a very productive business, financially, for those that do it. Here, you only need an extra room in the house, or the use of your garage -- and you have an office!
If you have a large home that has some antique furnishings, you might consider turning it into a showroom for your antique acquisitions and sales, providing you satisfy any local zoning regulations. The interest in antiques will survive into the foreseeable future. Many people choose to spend their free time on the weekends "antiquating" from place to place to try and pick up a few odds or ends and maybe a jewel or two. If you know anything about antiques, this may be a great opportunity for you.


2. Baking
Have you ever been told that you have a recipe that people would line up to get if they could? Ever had anyone tell you that you should be selling those cupcakes you make?

There are a number of success stories about people who have launched successful businesses by cooking at home and then marketing to local people first. You may specialize in on just one well-tried and tested food product; or you may innovate on a product that you created yourself and which has never been marketed before. Having perfected the recipe you then turn to packaging and marketing. Word of mouth on a good product may start to get restaurants or bakeries interested in acquiring your culinary masterpieces. Then you progress to selling them statewide and you're on your way to a profitable home-based business.


3. Bed-and-Breakfast Proprietors

Have you ever stayed in a bed and breakfast and thought, "Hey, I can do this!" You probably went on vacation and simply chalked your thought up as one of those pipedreams one gets when they stay in a beautiful spot.
Don't toss that thought away! While it's not easy work as the hours can be long and it's usually a seven days per week business, it's often something that you can work into a daily schedule. After all, it's merely an extension of doing the housework for family, right? More and more Americans are taking after Europeans and opening their homes to travelers.

If you have an extra room or two since the kids moved out, you can start a bed and breakfast in your own place! Bed and breakfast popularity will continue as more and more vacationers and business travelers seek a different accommodation away from the predictability of the average hotel room. If they enjoy their stay, many become "repeat" customers, coming back to the same familiar surroundings time and again.

If you don't need to do any major renovations in the house to accommodate this type of establishment, you can be off and running with very little money invested, other than advertising and some new "guest room supplies". If your dream is to buy a bed and breakfast somewhere in a vacation paradise, there are probably houses for sale that will work for this purpose.



4. Childcare

Due to the financial pressures faced by many families today, parents work outside of the home to bring in enough income to pay daily living expenses. A single parent is obviously working but all too often, both members of a two-parent family are in the workforce. This creates a home-based opportunity. Children must be watched, all day if they're not in school, or, otherwise, for a brief time after school before the parents finish work for the day. Most parents want their children immersed in a more stimulating environment than is usual with the average babysitter. You can begin small at home, offering a more stimulating and educational environment setting for client children.

Caring for one additional child may not be that lucrative, but taking care of several children can certainly be a full-time, financially successful business. Often, taking care of several children is made somewhat easier as the youngsters often will play together. You can do this at home for only a small investment in basic equipment and toys for the kids in addition to the advertising of your business.



5. Computer Specialist
The advent of the computer age has changed the concept of self-employment. Having a computer at home has opened a number of opportunities for running your own business utilizing this equipment. Companies everywhere are "outsourcing" work that can be done by someone else on their computer, out of their own home.

If you are a whiz in computers, you may end up working as a consultant, writing programs for companies. If you are a beginner, you may find yourself able to obtain work as a writer, using your computer to produce copy that is easy to edit. You can also keep accounting and payroll records for companies on your computer's database.

Word processing software can be used not only for writers but for those that can offer secretarial services out of their house. Desktop publishing software can allow you to do newsletters for businesses and other organizations. If you can operate a computer, you can find work in the information age today.

Of course, the advent of the Web has opened a lot of business opportunities for the enterprising individuals. If you have skills in lay-outing and graphic design, you can be a website designer. Website designers earn significant amounts of money nowadays.



6. Gardening
If you like working in your garden each year , it's a definite possibility for home-based employment. Imagine clearing a little more space and growing more items that you can sell directly to the consumer. You can produce vegetables, bedding plants, bonzai tree, exotic plants, flower trees, herb, house plants, landscaping plants, orchids and many more.

Most produce stands will buy from you if your product is one of high quality. If you enjoy gardening, this could be your ticket! If you have some more land to use, do it! Plant what you can, when you can! Contact your local produce stands to ascertain their buying habits.

You can even inquire about your own produce stand if you have enough product. The more space you have on your land, the more likely you will be able to generate enough crops to run the business. People love homegrown vegetables. They just do not have the time or want to be bothered doing it themselves. That is your open door!

You can also engage in selling other gardening products and supplies such as compost, earthworms, herb boxes, beneficial bugs, or drip irrigation systems.



7. Importer and Distributor

There are a substantial number of products manufactured in other countries that can be bought inexpensively and sold in your country at a profitable level. The Government and the formation of international trade organizations have made it easier to bring in other products from other countries.
This is a business easily operated out of the home, depending on the types of stock you're carrying. You may have to rent some storage space, but the capital required to start should essentially be limited to the products you're buying to sell here.

If you know the type of product you want to import and the market most likely to purchase your goods, you have great potential for a successful home-based business.



8. Interior Decorator

Interior decorating is a business that will require you to be mobile, constantly meeting with customers. It offers flexible hours, a good variety of activities, and a very lucrative return. If you have a fascination for decorating a home, this could be your line of work. Many people do not know where to start when they are remodeling or buying a house for the first time.
If you have the knowledge of colors and patterns and what looks good together, plus the expertise of knowing where to get materials and furnishings, this can be a winning home-based business for you. To be able to decorate a room so that it conveys the mood that the homeowner wishes will be your goal. Strive for the skillful, personal touch in all you design.



9. Photographer
The sky is the limit here! Armed with your trusty camera and some good advertising, you can do weddings, models, family portraits, passports, student photos, local newspaper coverage; almost anything that requires a picture!

You can easily start this work, part-time, and work into full-time work based on your success and inclination. Not much equipment is necessary to get going as a camera off the store shelf can often do the trick today. Picking up a tripod and having a room sufficient for developing your pictures, and you're in business -- at home!



10. Sewing and Alterations

Many people love to sew. If you are one of them, consider offering this service out of your home. When someone buys a new outfit, it rarely fits perfectly, meaning some kind of alteration must be done.
People look long and hard to find reliable individuals to do their alterations. If you can sew, you are well on your way to opening the doors of this type of business.

Before Examination- Lack of practice and preparation is a major reason for students not doing well in examinations. Here, we highlight to you the major points that you should take note before any examination.

- It is important that you clarify all your doubts and questions about a particular topic with your tutor, teachers or peers before the exam.

- Practice past year and examination papers from other schools if possible. These resources may not always be available so you have to source for them.

- Always memorize all important formulas, principles, questions and even solutions. During examinations, they should be at your fingertips.

- Nobody knows what is going to come out during exams. But we should always pay attention to popular and important questions.

During Examination
Proper planning is a major key to score As during exams. A well designed exam paper should consist of

50% easy questions
40% moderate
10% difficult (specially designed so that your teacher can tell who the hardworking students are. =)

- Before you even write anything, always take at least 5 minutes to look through the whole paper and determine the difficulty level. Allocate sufficient time for each section too.

- Attempt easy questions first – This makes perfect sense since an average students should be able to attempt the 50% easy questions. Leaving the 10% questions blank will not cause you to fail miserably.

- Allocate appropriate time for each question. Very often, students spent too much time on something very difficult, and ended up not attempting the ones that they can do. A general guideline is to spend the amount of time according to how many marks the question carries. A 20 marks question probably deserves 1/5 of your time and attention.

- Always check for careless mistakes. We need not elaborate further. Careless mistakes should always be avoided at all cost since they are mostly likely the questions you can attempt.

After examination
It is always advisable to rest for 6 to 8 hours before preparing for the next subject again. After a Maths paper, your mind is probably full of equations and you will most likely not able to study anything else.


We hope this article can be useful to students preparing for examinations. If you feel too stressful about your coming examinations, do not hesitate to let us know.

1 B
2 B
3 A
4 B
5 C
6 B
7 B
8 C
9 D
10 B
11 A
12 B
13 A
14 D
15 B
16 B
17 A
18 C
19 D
20 D

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__________________________________

Quiz:
1. A decrease in the expected future interest rate makes bonds ______________.
a. Less attractive
b. More attractive
c. Less expensive
d. More expensive


2. As interest rate falls in recession, the bond prices are likely to___________.
a. Decrease
b. Increase
c. Be stable
d. Fluctuate

3. There is no guarantee that a bond issuer will make the promised payments is
known as the:
a. Default risk
b. Inflation risk
c. Interest rate risk
d. Systematic risk

4. The greater the inflation risk, the __________ will be the compensation for it.
a. Smaller
b. Larger
c. Zero
d. None of the given options

5. ___________ risk arises from the fact that investors don’t know the holding
period yield of a long term bond.
a. Default risk
b. Inflation risk
c. Interest rate risk
d. Systematic risk

6. The ___________ are an assessment of the creditworthiness of the corporate
issuer.
a. Bond yield
b. Bond ratings
c. Bond risk
d. Bond rate
7. The lower a bond’s rating, the __________ will be its price.
a. Higher
b. Lower
c. Equal to
d. No change
Money and Banking (MGT411) Quiz 02
Virtual University of Pakistan Page 3 of 5
8. A plot of the term structure with YTM on Y-axis and time to maturity on X-axis
is called ___________.
a. Demand curve
b. Supply curve
c. Yield curve
d. Leffer curve
9. Yields on short term bonds are ___________ than the yield on long term bonds.
a. Less volatile
b. Higher
c. Lower
d. More volatile
10. The KSE 100 Index contains a representative sample of common stock that trade
on the ________________.
a. Lahore Stock Exchange
b. Karachi Stock Exchange
c. Islamabad Stock Exchange
d. New York Stock Exchange
11. The expectations theory of the term structure assumes:
a. Buyers of bonds prefer bonds with longer maturities.
b. Buyers of bonds consider bonds of different maturities to be perfect substitutes.
c. Buyers of bonds prefer bonds with shorter maturities.
d. Markets for different maturity bonds are completely separate.
12. Yield curves show:
a. The relationship between liquidity and bond interest rates (yields).
b. The relationship between risk and bond interest rates (yields).
c. The relationship between bond interest rates (yields) and bond prices.
d. The relationship between time to maturity and bond interest rates (yields).
13. Municipal bonds generally have lower interest rates than U.S. Government
bonds because:
a. They have less risk.
b. They are more liquid.
c. They never mature.
Money and Banking (MGT411) Quiz 02
Virtual University of Pakistan Page 4 of 5
d. They are exempt from Federal taxes.
14. If the bond is selling above the face value than it is called:
a. Discount
b. Compound
c. Premium
d. None of the given options
15. Zero- Coupon bonds are sold at a price:
a. Equal t their face value
b. Below their face value
c. Above their face value
d. None of the given options
16. According to the ________ effect, an increase in the money supply lowers the
interest rate.
a. Price-level
b. Liquidity
c. Income
d. Expected-inflation
17. The real interest rate is:
a. The nominal rate plus the expected inflation rate
b. The nominal interest rate/the CPI
c. The product of the nominal rate and the CPI
d. The nominal rate minus the expected inflation rate
18. For a coupon bond, the current yield is calculated as:
a. Coupon Payment/Price
b. The current yield is the same as the coupon rate.
c. Coupon Payment/Face Value
d. Coupon Payment/((Price + Face Value)/2)
19. Which of the following is a use for commercial bank funds?
a. Loans
b. Securities
c. Reserves
d. All of the given options
Money and Banking (MGT411) Quiz 02
Virtual University of Pakistan Page 5 of 5
20. Financial intermediaries:
a. Channel funds from savers to borrowers
b. Greatly enhance economic efficiency
c. Have been a source of many financial innovations
d. Have done all of the above

_____________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________

Question # 1
THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATION USED IN THE BUSINESS WORLD

The sources by which a person communicate his message to the others are called means of communication mostly used in business world
Examples:
 Radio
 Television
 Newspapers/brochures
 Booklets
 Posters/sign boards
 Loud speaker announcements
 Videos/Films
 Faxes/mails
 Voice mail
 C.D. Rom database
 Teleconferencing
 Groupware
 Letters/memos

 Radio:
It is the old communication media that is used largely in the business it is less expensive then used many of the firms and advertises their products with it. The normal firm that have not maximum profit or not have the big resources used it as and communication media it is only the one way communication media.

 Television:
Television became a very important source of communication in a business world because so many channels are produced mostly companies are introduced their products in general public through television commercials and an impressive and interesting commercial can easily attract to public. Multinational companies are used to television for advertisement of their products.

 Newspapers/ brochures:
Newspapers and the brochures are the other communication channels that are largely used for communication and for advertisement it is the most commonly used. We see that there are many advertisements that are printed on the news papers. Brochures are used for the particular advertisement mostly only one advertisement is printed on the brochures.

 Booklets:
Booklets is the other communication channels that is used for the communication the large companies and the groups of industries are used this channels of communication for advertisement it is expensive so only big companies are used this means of communication.

 Posters/sign boards:
Poster is the communicational channel that is largely used for advertisement commonly used only for advertises in a city this channel of communication mostly used local companies as well as big companies. Sign boards used big companies because large amount of tex is paid against for advertisement through the sign boards and posters.

 Loud speaker announcement:
Loud speaker announcement is used for the local advertisement because is have not power to tell about the all the people but it is used commonly in the our around like the hawker and for the sale of vegetables and many other things.

 Videos/films:
Videos and films are used for the channel of communication like the advertisement that is used in the television and cable net work that is used in a city it is used to produced the films and then it is launched on a television channel or divided free of cost in the people.

 Faxes/mail:
These are example of E. communication it is used commonly in the business and faxes and mails are used mostly for two way communication it is expensive so it is only used for to send the letter to other party and only for the urgent communication some expensive but used commonly not largely. Mail is the free of cost and largely used in the business and most company use this channel for this channel internet is necessary to send the mail.

 Voice mail:
It is the other media that is mostly used for urgent response like the telephone and mobile it is normally used in the business and all the business is depends upon this communicational channel because all the dealing and information is shared mostly with this channel.

 C.D. Rom. Database:
This channel is used mostly banks and the housing development societies use this media channel in this media channel all the information is stored in a cd and it is divided in the customer and others it is free of cost. Many banks and housing development societies are used this media.



 Teleconferencing:
This is mostly used in the multination company when the director are want to conduct the conference the this media is mostly used because all the director is not in one place or in one city then the company used this media for the communication .

 Groupware:This is the special software that is used for the communication between the worker that is working in an office and they communicate with other. It can design with the requirement of the company or organization environment and scale of organization.

 Letters/Memos:
It is the example of the print media and largely used in the companies and organization. It is normally and commonly used in the inside and the outside of the organization large amount of data and information sharing through with this channel of communication.



Answer # 2
REQUEST LETTER TO RESIDENT OF A COLONY RESPONSE FOR THE DAIRY PRODUCT THAT IS DISTRIBUTED IN COLONY

The manager,
A.B.C. Company
Lahore.

Subject: Waiting for the response about the distributed diary product in your colony.

Dear residents,

The A.B.C. Company is conducting a survey of our dairy products in an attempt to obtain information which will help in improving the quality of our services and products. The information received from you will act as identifying the problem the areas.
In addition our survey committee can befit from information regarding strength and weaknesses of our products as well as suggestion for improving them.
We are await your reply please feedback the survey and return the paper that was give you on the time of survey that is became conducted on the 16th of April


Yours sincerely
X. Y. Z.

Q.1 C
Q.2 D
Q.3 D
Q.4 C
Q.5 A
Q.6 B
Q.7 B
Q.8 C
Q.9 C
Q.10 D

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_____________________________________________
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT (HRM624)
SEMESTER SPRING (2009)
QUIZ NO. 02
DUE DATE: APR 16TH, 2009

QUIZ

1. Disputants usually __________ in their perceptual frames of reference.
a) Do not differ
b) Resemble
Q No. Selected options
1 b
2 a
3 d
c) Differ
d) Agree

2. Focusing on resources to diagnose a conflict may:
a) Help in finding other sources of conflict
b) Ignore underlying reasons of conflict
c) Be best possible option available
d) All of the given options

3. Which one of the following mainly shows individuals and their relationships to one
another?
a) Sociomap
b) Sociogram
c) Interception
d) Determination
4. In a case the buyer claims that the goods were delivered on October 5, a day late, while
the seller argues that they were delivered on October 3. Which type of conflict it is?
a) Preferences & nuisances
b) Data-type conflict: dispute over law
c) Data-type conflict: dispute over facts
d) Structural/interpersonal power imbalance
5. Being in conflict with the wrong person would be the:
a) Misattributed conflict
b) Misaligned conflict
c) Misplaced conflict
d) Displaced conflict
6. Positional bargaining tends to the lead to:
a) Impasses & bad feelings among disputants
b) Better positions for each of the bargainers
c) Creative approaches to conflict resolution
d) The most integrative outcomes in conflict
7. As a mediator, you are analyzing the situation where an employee and his manager
have a disagreement. You are focusing that how the concerns of other employees will
be affected by the settlement. You are analyzing what type of interests?
a) Advocate’s interests
b) The disputant’s interests
c) Advocate of other disputant’s interests
d) Constituents and stake holder’s interests
8. Abraham Mazlow believed that the most basic needs are:
a) Safety needs
b) Security needs
c) Physiological needs
d) Psychological needs
9. All of the following are steps which might influence the conflict cycle EXCEPT:
a) Establishing ground rules for civility
b) Pointing out areas of agreement
c) Using competitive language
d) Assigning joint tasks
10. Of the two major types of justice, __________ justice is concerned with whether the
outcome of a conflict is fair, while __________ justice refers to the fairness of the
process.
a) Substantive; Procedural
b) Procedural; Distributive
c) Distributive; Substantive
d) Distributive; Procedural

1 A
2 B
3 A
4 B
5 A
6 C
7 C
8 D
9 D
10 C

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1 B
2 B
3 C
4 C
5 B
6 A
7 D
8 D
9 D
10 A

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1 C
2 C
3 B
4 A
5 D
6 D
7 C
8 A
9 B
10 C

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vusolutions.blogspot.com

1 B
2 D
3 C
4 C
5 D
6 A
7 A
8 A
9 D
10 B
11 D
12 D
13 D
14 D
15 C
16 B
17 A
18 D
19 D
20 D

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-----------------------------------

1. Which of the following tool provides the company with business-related information
like industry trends and competitor information?
a) Business Automation (BA)
b) Enterprise Marketing Automation (EMA)
c) Customer Service and Support (CSS)
d) Sales Force Automation (SFA)

2. A security measure to unauthorized access to documents is:
a) Backup/restore
b) Physical access restrictions
c) Network access control
d) None of the given options

3. The centralized storage (in a data warehouse) of all information relevant to customer
interaction is BEST described by which of the following concepts?
a) Collaborative CRM
b) Scalability
c) Data base
d) Workflow

4. With respect to customer satisfaction, which of the following is referred as the key to
success?
a) Preference
b) Up-to-date Supply
c) Courtesy
d) Enthusiasm

5. Product-related ethical issues can arise when marketers:
a) Do not provide consumers with enough information about product transportation.
b) Fail to disclose information to consumers about the risks associated with using a
product.
c) Force intermediaries to behave in a specific manner.
d) Do not provide consumers with enough information about how a product is priced.
6. A _____ is an organized collection of comprehensive information about individual
customers or prospects.
a) Business database
b) Customer mailing list
c) Customer database
d) Marketing database
7. Companies can gain a strong competitive advantage through having better-trained
people. This is known as:
a) Personnel differentiation
b) Product differentiation
c) Personnel training
d) Human resources parity
8. In service marketing, the most important link to the customer is known as:
a) The tangible aspects of the service
b) Well-trained contact employees
c) Good word-of-mouth communication
d) Effective advertising
9. Which of the following is a technique that might be used by an active listener?
a) Offer a point of view often when in conversation
b) Paraphrase the speaker's meaning
c) Express concern
d) Explain the speaker's meaning
10. Which of the following are the two skills associated with being a good listener?
a) To pay attention and to provide a strong point of view in response to a given message
b) To pay attention and to provide feedback
c) To pay attention and to mask your disinterest when necessary
d) To listen to more than one message at a time and to provide constructive criticism
11. Which of the following is NOT part of an organization’s micro-environment?
a) Competitors
b) Suppliers
c) Customers
d) Government legislation
12. Which of the following are the means by which long-term objectives will be
achieved?
a) Long-term goals
b) Mission statements
c) Strategies
d) Vision statements
13. Karen's company just finished meeting with the consultants who delivered a 4-year
plan of improvements. Which part of the strategic landscape is described?
a) Strategy initiation
b) Strategy formulation
c) Strategy implementation
d) Strategy assessment
14. It is a job for the whole management team, not a few senior managers, because every
manager needs to be concerned with what has to be done in his/her area of authority to
implement the company's strategy successfully refers to as:
a) Implementing and executing strategy
b) Formulating and implementing strategy
c) Formulating and executing strategy
d) Statement is wrong
15. Which one of the following is NOT a good indicator of how well a company's present
strategy is working?
a) The company's market share ranking and whether its share is trending up, down, or
staying more or less the same
b) Whether the company is regarded as a leader in some significant area (technology,
product quality, customer service, product innovation and so on) and the firm's image
and reputation with customers
c) Whether the company's profit margins are increasing or decreasing and how large
they are relative to other firms in the industry
d) Whether the company's resource strengths and competitive capabilities outweigh its
re
16. Which of the following refers to companies often failure to predict changes, either
slow or long range to at least calculate their impact on their product and customers?
a) Inability to predict environmental reaction
b) Failure to coordinate
c) Poor communications
d) Failure to obtain senior management commitment
17. Immediate attention and help must be given to customers in sensitive to situations. This
skill refers to which of the followings?
a) Skill to listen
b) Skill to speed up response
c) Skill to provide positive experience
d) Skill to be receptive
18. Branding assists buyers in numerous ways. Which of the following is NOT a direct
consumer benefit derived from branding?
a) Brand names convey product quality
b) Branding enables suppliers to attract loyal and profitable set of customers
c) Brand names raise awareness and increase consumer interest
d) Brand names increase shopper efficiency
19. Consumer’s perception of product or service quality is influenced by which of the
following category?
a) Brand perception, price perception, and value perception
b) Brand name, objective price, and perceived sacrifice
c) Brand perception, price perception, and store perception
d) Brand name, objective price, and willingness to buy
20. A brand relationship strategy is used for which of the following purpose?
a) Focuses on profits
b) Identifies building market share as its objective
c) Pulls a firm's diverse product lines into a “family of brands”
d) Brings brands and customers together

1 B
2 C
3 D
4 E
5 C
6 B
7 B
8 D
9 C
10 B
11 D
12 B
13 A
14 D




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1. A
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. A

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1. Which form of international commercial payment thats one or more banks?

A. Bill of exchange
B. Sight draft
C. Date draft
D. Letter of credit

2. Which one of the following is not part of an organization's macro-environment?

A. Political environment
B. Economic environment
C. Internal environment
D. Social environment

3. Identify the information that an international marketer needs to know under the head of “Analysis of company sales potential” to evaluate firm sales and profit potential.

A. Market Access
B. Product Potential
C. Cost of Internal Distribution
D. Per capita income and distribution

4. Carriage and insurance paid to (CIP) is one of the term of sale is used in place of which of the following?

A. Free alongside ship (FAS)
B. Cost, insurance, and freight (CIF)
C. Cost and freight (CFR)
D. Free on board (FOB)

5. Identify the analysis that an international marketer uses to determine potential export in international market.

A. Two stage analysis
B. Four stage analysis
C. Three stage analysis
D. Five stage analysis

6. An individual is using the systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data relevant to marketing its programs to minority students. What do we call this?

A. Promotion
B. Marketing research
C. Self-study
D. Cost-benefit analysis

7. Identify the pricing term that indicates that the charterer of a vessel is responsible for the cost of loading and unloaded goods from vessel.

A. Free in
B. Free in and out
C. Free out
D. Free out and in

8. Which form of data can usually be obtained more quickly and at a lower cost?

A. Secondary
B. Primary
C. Census
D. Tertiary

9. Which method of research can be used to obtain information if people are unwilling or unable to provide?

A. Observation
B. Focus groups
C. Personal interviews
D. Questionnaires

10. What is the desired rate of speech for a presentation?

A. 100 to 150 words
B. 10 to 15 words
C. 25 to 50 words
D. 50 to 90 words

1. Which of the following is referred as “the physical ability to perform athletic activity?”
a. Health
b. Fitness
c. Alertness
d. Activeness

2. When levels of glycogen become excessively ________, the an aerobically trained
metabolism turns to blood sugar as its secondary source of fuel
a. Low
b. High
c. Fast
d. None of the given options

3. Fatigue, recurrent, exercise injuries, low blood sugar patterns, depression and
anxiety, fat metabolism problems are the symptoms directly related to excessive
_________ raining of your metabolism
a. Aerobic
b. Anaerobic
c. Fitness
d. Balanced

4. Infant mortality in poor countries is __________ per 1,000 live births.
a. 85
b. 115
c. 100
d. 150

5. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of group decision making?
a. Minority domination
b. Increased legitimacy
c. Generate more alternatives
d. Increase acceptance of a solution

6. _____________ makes people different, yet similar, in many ways.
a. Intelligence
b. Family life
c. Personality
d. Motivation

7. If you activate your aerobic system with proper exercise and diet, you burn which of
the following as your primary fuel?
a. Water
b. Glucose
c. Vitamins
d. Fat

8. Which of the following is not one of the types of teams?
a. Functional teams
b. Cross functional teams
c. Virtual teams
d. Managed teams

9. “A form of conformity in which group members feel extensive pressure to align their
opinions with other’s opinion” is called _____________.
a. Role
b. Norm
c. Status
d. Group think

10. Conflict that prevents a group from achieving its goals is called:
a. Functional conflict
b. Task conflict
c. Dysfunctional conflict
d. Process conflict


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1 A
2 A
3 A
4 C
5 B
6 A
7 D
8 B
9 D
10 C
11 B
12 B
13 C
14 D
15 C
16 B
17 B
18 A
19 B
20 C

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1.D

2.B

3.B

4.B

5.A

6.A

7.A

8.A

9.C

10C

11C

12C

13D

14D

15A

16D

17A

18B

19C

20D

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---------------------------
1. If computational and record-keeping costs are about the same under both FIFO
and weighted average, which of the following method will generally be
preferred?
A. Weighted Average
B. FIFO
C. They offer the same degree of information
D. Cannot be determined with so little information

2. Which of the following System applies when standardized goods are produced
under a series of inter-connected operations?
A. Job Order Costing
B. Process Costing
C. Standard Costing
D. All of the given options

3. The cost of material that is not completely processed, would be found in which
of the following inventory account on the Balance Sheet?
A. Direct material inventory
B. Work-in-process inventory
C. Finished goods inventory
D. Supplies inventory

4. A complete set of Financial Statements for Nestle Company at December 31,
2008 would include each of the followings, EXCEPT:
A. Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2008
B. Statement of Projected Cash flows for 2009
C. Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2008
D. Notes containing additional information that is useful in interpreting the Financial Statements

5. Total Fixed cost _______ with the increase in production.
A. Remains constant
B. Decreases
C. Increases

D. There is no relation between fixed cost and activity level
6. The following data is available for the Bricks Company:
Particulars Rs.
Freight in 20,000
Purchases return and allowances 80,000
Marketing expenses 200,000
Finished goods Inventory, ending 90,000
Cost of goods sold 700% of marketing expenses
You are required to calculate the cost of goods available for sales if Gross Profit is
50% of cost of goods sold.
A. Rs. 1,490,000
B. Rs. 1,390,000
C. Rs. 1,500,000
D. Rs. 1,590,000

7. Consider the following:
Beginning work in process inventory Rs. 20,000
Direct material used Rs. 50,000
Direct labor used Rs. 80,000
Manufacturing overhead Rs. 120,000
Ending work in process inventory Rs. 10,000
Cost of finished goods manufactured Rs. 260,000
The total manufacturing costs would be:
A. Rs. 250,000
B. Rs. 260,000
C. Rs. 270,000
D. Rs. 280,000

8. Job 210 was unfinished at the end of the accounting period. The total cost
assigned to the job was Rs. 12,000 of which Rs. 3,000 was direct material cost.
Factory overheads were allocated to goods in process at 150% of direct labor
cost. What was the amount of direct labor cost charged to Job 210?
A. Rs. 3,600
B. Rs. 3,000
C. Rs. 5,400
D. Rs. 9,000

9. Job 210 was unfinished at the end of the accounting period. The total cost
assigned to the job was Rs. 12,000 of which Rs. 3,000 was direct material cost.
Factory overheads were allocated to goods in process at 150% of direct labor
cost. What was the amount of Factory over head cost charged to Job 210?
A. Rs. 3,600
B. Rs. 3,000
C. Rs. 5,400
D. Rs. 9,000

10. The over applied balance of the Factory Overhead ledger account is Rs. 36,000,
a significant amount. The ending balances of Goods in Process Inventory,
Finished Goods Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold accounts are Rs. 12,000, Rs.
8,000, and Rs. 60,000, respectively. On the basis of ending balances, how much
of the over applied balance of overhead should be allocated to each of these
accounts?
A. Rs.5, 400, Rs.27, 600, Rs.3, 000
B. Rs.27,400, Rs. 3,600, Rs. 5,000
C. Rs. 5,400, Rs. 3,600, Rs. 27,000
D. None of the given options

11. PEL Limited has been using an overhead rate of Rs. 5.60 per machine hour.
During the year, overheads of Rs. 275,000 were incurred and 48,000 machine
hours worked. Therefore, overheads were:
A. Under-applied by Rs.7,600
B. Over-applied by Rs. 6,200
C. Under-applied by Rs. 6,200
D. Over-applied by Rs. 7,600

12. Factory overhead should be allocated on the basis of:
A. Direct labor hours
B. Direct labor costs
C. An activity basis which relates to cost incurrence
D. Machine hours

13. If a company uses a predetermined rate for the application of factory overhead,
the idle capacity variance is the:
A. Over or under applied variable cost element of overheads
B. Difference in budgeted costs and actual costs of fixed overheads items
C. Difference in budgeted cost and actual costs of variable overheads items
D. Over or under applied fixed cost element of overheads

14. Which of the following manufacturing operations, which is best, suited to the
utilization of a job order system?
A. Soft bottling operation
B. Crude oil refining
C. Plastic molding operation
D. Helicopter manufacturing

15. Which of the following is a characteristic of process cost accounting system?
A. Material, Labor and Overheads are accumulated by orders
B. Companies use this system if they process custom orders
C. Only Closing stock of work in process is restated in terms of completed units
D. Opening and Closing stock of work in process are related in terms of completed
units

16. Which cost accumulation procedure is best suited to a continuous mass
production process of similar units?
A. Job order costing
B. Standard costing
C. Actual costing
D. Process costing

17. Which of the following is an objective of cost accounting?
A. Provide information to management for decision making
B. Computation of cost per unit
C. Preparation of Financial Statement
D. Computation of relevant costs

18. Which of the following would be considered an external user of the firm's
accounting information?
A. President
B. Stockholder
C. Sales manager
D. Controller

19. Cost accounting concepts include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Planning
B. Controlling
C. Sharing
D. Costing

20. The chief financial officer is also known as the:
A. Controller
B. Staff accountant
C. Auditor
D. Finance director

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VU solutions

Q no. Selected option
1 A
2 B
3 C
4 D
5 B
6 A
7 C
8 C
9 C
10 D

100%
-------------------------------

1. Which style of conflict resolution is best when the issues are complex and critical, with no clear solution available?
A. Compromising
B. Forcing
C. Avoiding conflict
D. Accommodating
2. According to which technique, you mentally convert negative aspects into positive ones by looking for positive elements in a situation?
A. Optimistic approach
B. Cognitive restructuring
C. Grievance Procedure
D. Negotiation
3. Which of the following is the act of understanding message?
A. Encoding
B. Communication media
C. Decoding
D. Channel
4. Teams in organizations emphasize on ________ communication.
A. Downward
B. Horizontal
C. Upward
D. Grapevine
5. An individual who always agree with everyone and flexible to change style has a ___________ communication style.
A. Reflective
B. Supportive
C. Versatility
D. Emotive
HUMAN RELATIONS (HRM611)
SPRING 2009
Total Marks: 10 Quiz#02
6. The key components of emotional intelligence include self-awareness, relationship management, self management and:
A. Social awareness
B. Motivation
C. Intelligence
D. Self confidence
7. The extent to which an individual has broad interests and is willing to take risks called:
A. Conscientiousness
B. Extroversion
C. Openness to experience
D. Emotional stability
8. Which of the following country make more extensive use of body language as high-context culture?
A. France
B. Korea
C. China
D. Mexico
9. All of the following are techniques for overcoming cross-cultural communication barriers EXCEPT:
A. Use straightforward language and speak slowly and clearly
B. Be alert to cultural differences in customs and behavior
C. De-emphasize nonverbal communication
D. Observe cultural differences in manners/customs
10. When we converse about interpersonal relationships it indicates what kind of communication style?
A. Supportive
B. Reflective
C. Emotive
D. Versatility

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vu solutions

1 A
2 B
3 B
4 C
5 B
6 C
7 A
8 C
9 B
10 C
11 B
12 B
13 B
14 D
15 D
16 D
17 D
18 D
19 C
20 A

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vu solutions

1 A
2 A
3 A
4 A
5 A
6 C
7 A
8 A
9 D
10 D

[[NOTE:- We always try our best to upload 100% correct solution BUT it is requested that you kindly review it before submission, please.]]

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vu solutions

1 D
2 D
3 A
4 A
5 D
6 B
7 B
8 B
9 C
10 B
11 B
12 A
13 D
14 C
15 C
16 A
17 B
18 A
19 D
20 B

[[NOTE:- We always try our best to upload 100% correct solution BUT it is requested that you kindly review it before submission, please.]]_________________________________

Q# 1: International entrepreneur’s decisions are more complex because of:
A. Business expansion
B. Analysis of Huge information is difficult
C. Complex transactions
D. Uncontrollable factors

Q# 2: Which one of the following is NOT the problem in developing the economies
under different developed countries?
A. Gap of knowledge
B. Variable rate of return
C. Different accounting system
D. Same communication style

Q# 3: When the multiplicity of environments become too complex to handle, the
international entrepreneurs often __________.
A. Go for mergers
B. Diversify
C. Decentralize operations
D. Sale out the foreign business

Q# 4: In stage of responsibility allocation process the entrepreneur follows:
A. Highly decentralized decision making process
B. Somewhat centralized decision making process
C. Highly centralized decision making process
D. No particular standard

Q# 5: Following are the types of foreign direct investment EXCEPT:
A. Joint venture
B. Management contracts
C. Management contracts
D. Merger
Q# 6: An ice cream producing company merges with a cotton spinning company this
merger is an example of:
A. Product extension merger
B. Diversified activity merger
C. Market extension merger
D. Vertical merger
Q# 7: Which one of the following gives suggestions for new product but also helps to
market new product in the market?
A. Existing products and services
B. Distribution channels
C. Federal government
D. Consumers
Q# 8: Which one of the following is important for international business to avoid trade
barriers?
A. Protectionist attitude
B. Entrepreneurial partnering
C. Free trade areas
D. None of the given options
Q# 9: Which one of the following is NOT a source of idea generation?
A. Consumers
B. Brain storming
C. Focus group
D. None of the given options
Q# 10: A patent is granted for a specified amount of time because of the assumption:
A. That during this time firm will cover its development costs
B. That firm will earn a sufficient profit during this period
C. To limit the monopoly of the firm
D. That it will stimulate idea and development of a better product
Q# 11: Which of the following is NOT followed in brainstorming?
A. The wilder idea is better
B. Criticism is done by the group members
C. Quantity of ideas is required
D. The session should be fun, with no on dominating the discussion
Q# 12: Developing a new idea through inquiry and testing is called:
A. Heuristics
B. Scientific method
C. Forced relationship
D. Value analysis
Q# 13: The product life cycle starts with which stage of product planning and
development process?
A. Test marketing stage
B. Product development stage
C. Commercialization stage
D. Product planning and development process is a part of product life cycle
Q# 14: The evaluation criteria for the new product should include all of the following,
EXCEPT:
A. Determination of market demand
B. Pricing and marketing policies of other competing firms
C. Determination of the suppliers
D. Product should be profitable
Q# 15: Which of the following is NOT a requirement of Disclosure Document?
A. Description of the invention
B. Photos of invention
C. Claims for invention’s usefulness
D. Cover letter
Q# 16: Which of the following grants the owner protection from anyone else making,
using and selling the identified innovation?
A. Utility patent
B. Design patent
C. Plant patent
D. International patent
Q# 17: Which of the following can NOT be covered under the copyright protection?
A. Computer software
B. Computer hardware
C. Poems and songs
D. Models and sculpture
Q# 18: Licensing is a significant marketing strategy to:
A. Use intellectual property of others
B. Pirate others’ patents
C. Grow the business in new markets
D. Control the costs
Q# 19: Which one of the following is the main problem for the entrepreneur in the
beginning?
A. Lack of experience
B. Lack of education
C. None of the given options
D. Limited resources
Q# 20: Which of the following is NOT essential part of the contract?
A. All the parties envolved should be named
B. Transaction should be described in detail
C. Obtain signatures of the persons envolved
D. Place where contract takes place

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1 A
2 C
3 B
4 B
5 A
6 B
7 B
8 D
9 C
10 B
11 D
12 C
13 A
14 D
-----------------------
Question # 1 Marks 2

What will be the product of a matrix and its inverse?

a) Identity matrix
b) A rectangular matrix e
c) Inverse matrix
d) None of these

Question # 2 Marks 2

If the original price of a necklace is Rs. 4200 and it is marked off 25%. Then the selling price?


a) 3050
b) 3250
c) 3150
d) 1960


Question # 3 Marks 2

A businessman pays an amount of Rs. 3000 to purchase for certain item and sells it at Rs. 3750. Then Mark up rate of the businessman is?


a) 32%
b) 31%
c) 30%
d) 25%

Question # 4 Marks 2

If A, B and C are matrices with orders 3×3, 2×3 and 4×2 respectively, then which of the following set of operations are possible?


a) 4B, A + B, B+C, AB, CB, CBA
b) 4B, CB, CBA
c) A + B, B+C, CB, CBA
d) 4B, CB, CBA
e) 4B, CB



Question # 5 Marks 2

Statisticians under the assigned project try to estimate the income of different age people like 10-14 years, 16-19 years, 20-24 years, 25-29 years in a city of Pakistan allocated by Pakistani government. The city is divided into four regions like R1, R2, R3 and R4. Here we assume the average income. In region R1 the children greater than 12 years and less than 14 years earn Rs.7000 monthly, from 16 and 18.5 years earn Rs.10000, between 20-24 years earn Rs.15000 and 28-29 years earn Rs.22000.In R2 the income is double of the R1,in R3 double of the R2 and in R4 the income is half of R1 income. Which of the following matrix describes best the scenario?
a)
b)
c)
d) None of these


Question # 6 Marks 2

If is invertible under matrix multiplication, then its inverse is

a)
b)
c)
d)


Question # 7 Marks 2
In a 500 bed hospital there are 200 nurses and 150 other staff. If the hospital extends by a new wing for 100 beds, then what additional staff is needed?

a) 20 Nurses, 30 other staff
b) 40 Nurses, 30 other staff
c) 30 Nurses, 40 other staff
d) 40 Nurses, 20 other staff

Question # 8 Marks 2

A Fruit Punch recipe requires mango juice, apple juice and orange juice in the ratio of
3:2:1. to make 2 liters of punch, quantity of ingredients is?

a) Mango juice =1.5 liter, Apple juice = 0.66 liter, Orange juice = 0.39 liter
b) Mango juice =2.0 liter, Apple juice = 0.77 liter, Orange juice = 0.37 liter
c) Mango juice =2.5 liter, Apple juice = 0.56 liter, Orange juice = 0.31 liter
d) Mango juice =1.0 liter, Apple juice = 0.67 liter, Orange juice = 0.33 liter




Question # 9 Marks 2

Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period?

a) ISPMT
b) NPER
c) IPMT
d) None of these.


Question # 10 Marks 2

The list price of a plastic chair is Rs 350. If the trade discount is 15%, what will be the amount of discount?

a) Rs 40.5
b) Rs 52.5
c) Rs. 56.5
d) Rs. 60.5


Question # 11 Marks 2

Evaluate ‘ ’; the cost of a commodity provided that the matrices
and are equal.

a) c = 2
b) c = 1
c) c = 2 or c = 1
d) None of these


Question # 12 Marks 2

If I is the identity matrix of dimension 10 then how many rows and columns a
matrix A may have provided that

a) ‘10’ no. of rows & arbitrary no. of columns
b) arbitrary no. of rows & columns
c) Strictly ‘10’ no of rows & ‘10’ no of columns.
d) ‘10’ no. of columns & arbitrary no. of rows







Question # 13 Marks 2

Decent Department Store marks down a coat which is of price Rs. 235 by 50%. A newspaper advertises an additional 10% off the coat. What is the final selling price of the coat?

a) 105.75
b) 117.5
c) 121.5
d) 200



Question # 14 Marks 2
Fashion styles buy shirts for Rs. 500 and sell them for Rs. 1200. Find the rate of markup based on the cost?

a) 40%
b) 41.7%
c) 71.4%
d) 140%



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