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Mkt630 Assignment No. 2

Saturday, January 15, 2011 Posted In Edit This
International Marketing (MKT630)
Assignment No. 2 Marks: 10

McDonald’s! Coca Cola! Disney # a powerful alliance

A strategic international alliance (SIA) is a business relationship established by two or more companies to cooperate out of mutual need and to share risk in achieving a common objective.

Strategic alliances have grown in importance over the last few decades as a competitive strategy in global marketing management. SIA are sought as a way to shore up weaknesses and increase competitive strengths.

Today business is being driven by two fashionable ideas: globalization and core competences. The first compels companies to look for ways to sell their product in as many different places as possible, which often requires other people to help them. The second, the fashion for a firm sticking to what it does best, means that they must often let outsiders help them with everything
else.

The ties binding Coca-Cola, McDonald’s and Disney vary enormously.

McDonald’s Disney
In 1997 McDonald’s and Disney began a formal 10-years alliance. The first specific outcome was a Disney film, Flubber, whose box-office returns were help by the tie-ins at McDonald’s. In July 1998 a promotion started of Armageddon, a $111 million film starting Bruce Willis, with McDonald’s selling tickets and special ‘Astromeals’ at each of its 23,500 restaurants worldwide.

This time the target was not children but young adults—a market in which McDonald’s is weaker.

McDonald’s Coca-Cola
This alliance has not formal agreement—no piece of paper to fall back on. Although Coca-Cola sells drinks to other restaurants, its relationship with McDonald’s goes far beyond that of a mere supplier. It has helped its parent to set new operations around the world. Coca-Cola is sold in almost twice as many countries as McDonald’s.



Coca-Cola Disney
Coca-Cola’s ties to Disney are probably the weakest of the three— but they are still considerable. Coca-Cola has been the sole provider of soft drinks at Disney parks since 1955, and it has had a marketing alliance in place since 1985. Coca-Cola has also helped Disney overseas.

Question:
Which factors could make the alliance of Coca-Cola-Disney-McDonald’s break up?

(Please write your answer in bullets. Your answer must not exceed 250 words)

Sources:
1. Hollensen, S. (2007). Global Marketing: A decision-oriented approach, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, London.



Schedule
Opening Date and Time 11th January 2011 At 12:01 A.M. (Mid-Night)
Due Date and Time 14th January 2011 At 11:59 P.M. (Mid-Night)
....................


SOLUTION:


Pitfalls of strategic alliances:
There are many reasons that contribute towards the failure of strategic alliances. International markets need to avoid the following issues in the case of forming strategic alliances;


• Incompatibility of partners
• Issues in having access to each other’s information
• Disagreements over distribution of earnings
• Issues due to potential loss of autonomy
• Changes in motivations due to changing circumstances over time

Mgt411 GDB No. 2 Solution

Saturday, January 15, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Total Marks2

Starting Date Friday, January 14, 2011
Closing Date Tuesday, January 18, 2011

Status Open

Question/Description
Banking sector plays vital role in the capitalist economies all over the world especially this role also gets significance in the developing countries like Pakistan. Policies of Central Bank, imposed on the commercial bank and financial sector, are considered as one of the key factors to boost the economy and control the inflation.

"If all commercial banks in Pakistan increase the small loans limit to Rs. 200,000 for general public at very low interest rate along with relaxed terms and conditions. Such loans will be used only for personal use and luxury items. What will be the effect of this activity of commercial banks on the money supply, inflation, Balance of payment (BOP) and real growth?"

You are required to answer/comments in the following table, which show only which component increases or decreases or both situations are possible"


Macro issue Increases / Decreases
/ May increase or decrease 
Money supply ?

Inflation? ?
Balance of Payment (BOP) ?

Real Growth ?
............


Solutions:


Money supply = Increases
Inflation = Decreases
Balance of Payment (BOP) = Increases
Real Growth = Increases or Decreases

....................
1. Increase
2. Decreases
3. Increases
4. Increases or Decreases

..................
money supply Increase
inflation Decrease
Balance of payment (BOP) Increase
real growth may increase or decrease

.................
1-money supply Increase (CORRECT)

2-inflation Decrease (WRONG ) COZ WHEN MONEY SUPPLY EXCESS AVAILABLE IN MARKET THEN INFLATION WILL BE INCREASED SO (INCREASE)

3-Balance of payment (BOP) Increase (WRONG) BOP WILL BE MAY DECREASED OR INCREASE DUE TO EXCESS MONEY OF SUPPLY (MAY DECREASED OR INCREASED )

4-real growth may increase or decrease (WRONG) coz real growth will be decreased due to personal and luxury loans. (Decreased)

CS614 Assignment No. 4 Announcecd

Saturday, January 15, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Assignment No. 04 
SEMESTER FALL 2010
CS614- Data Warehousing

Due Date: 19 Jan 2011



Question 1:   [10 marks]
Differentiate data mining from data warehousing. Explain your answer with suitable examples.

Note: Answer shouldn’t be more than one page.

Question 2:    [10 marks]
Which techniques are used for data mining for getting useful data? Which of the underlying technique is best? Justify your answer with reasons and examples.

Phy101 Assignment No. 5 Announced

Saturday, January 15, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Assignment 5: (Fall 2010)
PHYSICS (PHY101)
TOTAL MARKS: 20
Due Date: 24/01/2011

DON’T MISS THESE Important instructions:

• To solve this assignment, you should have good command over first 34 lectures.
• Upload assignments properly through LMS, (No Assignment will be accepted through email).
• Write your ID on the top of your solution file.
• All students are directed to use the font and style of text as is used in this document.
• Don’t use colorful back grounds in your solution files.
• Use Math Type or Equation Editor etc for mathematical symbols.
• This is not a group assignment, it is an individual assignment so be careful and avoid copying others’ work. If some assignment is found to be copy of some other, both will be awarded zero marks. It also suggests you to keep your assignment safe from others. No excuse will be accepted by anyone if found to be copying or letting others copy.
• Don’t wait for the last date to submit your assignment.

Q # 1
A ray of light in air strikes a glass surface. Is there a range of angles for which total internal reflection occurs? Explain. Marks = 4

Q # 2
Interference can occur in thin film. Why is it important that the films be thin? Why don’t you get these effects with a relatively thick film? Where should you put the dividing line between “thin” and “thick”? Explain your reasoning. Marks = 6

Q # 3
Light traveling in air is incident on the surface of a block of plastic at an angle of 72.7° to the normal and is bent so that it makes a 57.1° angle with the normal in the plastic. Find the speed of light in the plastic. Marks = 6

Q # 4
Can water waves be reflected and refracted? Give examples. Does Huygens’s principle apply to water waves? Explain. Marks = 4

IT430 Assignment No. 3 solution

Saturday, January 15, 2011 Posted In Edit This

SOLUTION-1:



In Pakistan we still are lacking in E Commerce despite the availability of reliable IT infrastructure and courier companies providing fast and reliable physical delivery because of several reasons which cannot be neglect. Following are the reasons:

1.    Time for delivery of physical products. It is possible to visit a local music store and walk out with a compact disc, or a bookstore and leave with a book. E-commerce is often used to buy goods that are not available locally from businesses all over the world, meaning that physical goods need to be delivered, which takes time and costs money. In some cases there are ways around this, for example, with electronic files of the music or books being accessed across the Internet, but then these are not physical goods.

2.    Physical product, supplier & delivery uncertainty . When you walk out of a shop with an item, it’s yours. You have it; you know what it is, where it is and how it looks. In some respects e-commerce purchases are made on trust. This is because, firstly, not having had physical access to the product, a purchase is made on an expectation of what that product is and its condition. Secondly, because supplying businesses can be conducted across the world, it can be uncertain whether or not they are legitimate businesses and are not just going to take your money. It’s pretty hard to knock on their door to complain or seek legal recourse! Thirdly, even if the item is sent, it is easy to start wondering whether or not it will ever arrive (VUsolutions).

3.    Perishable goods . Forget about ordering a single gelato ice cream from a shop in Rome! Though specialised or refrigerated transport can be used, goods bought and sold via the Internet tend to be durable and non-perishable: they need to survive the trip from the supplier to the purchasing business or consumer. This shifts the bias for perishable and/or non-durable goods back towards traditional supply chain arrangements, or towards relatively more local e-commerce-based purchases, sales and distribution. In contrast, durable goods can be traded from almost anyone to almost anyone else, sparking competition for lower prices. In some cases this leads to disintermediation in which intermediary people and businesses are bypassed by consumers and by other businesses that are seeking to purchase more directly from manufacturers.

4.    Limited and selected sensory information. The Internet is an effective conduit for visual and auditory information: seeing pictures, hearing sounds and reading text. However it does not allow full scope for our senses: we can see pictures of the flowers, but not smell their fragrance; we can see pictures of a hammer, but not feel its weight or balance. Further, when we pick up and inspect something, we choose what we look at and how we look at it. This is not the case on the Internet. If we were looking at buying a car on the Internet, we would see the pictures the seller had chosen for us to see but not the things we might look for if we were able to see it in person. And, taking into account our other senses, we can’t test the (VUsolutions) car to hear the sound of the engine as it changes gears or sense the smell and feel of the leather seats. There are many ways in which the Internet does not convey the richness of experiences of the world. This lack of sensory information means that people are often much more comfortable buying via the Internet generic goods – things that they have seen or experienced before and about which there is little ambiguity, rather than unique or complex things.

5.    Returning goods. Returning goods online can be an area of difficulty. The uncertainties surrounding the initial payment and delivery of goods can be exacerbated in this process. Will the goods get back to their source? Who pays for the return postage? Will the refund be paid? Will I be left with nothing? How long will it take? Contrast this with the offline experience of returning goods to a shop.

6.    Privacy, security, payment, identity, contract. Many issues arise – privacy of information, security of that information and payment details, whether or not payment details (eg credit card details) will be misused, identity theft, contract, and, whether we have one or not, what laws and legal jurisdiction apply.

7.    Defined services & the unexpected . E-commerce is an effective means for managing the transaction of known and established services, that is, things that are everyday. It is not suitable for dealing with the new or unexpected. For example, a transport company used to dealing with simple packages being asked if it can transport a hippopotamus, or a customer asking for a book order to be wrapped in blue and white polka dot paper with a bow. Such requests need human intervention to investigate and resolve.

8.    Personal service . Although some human interaction can be facilitated via the web, e-commerce can not provide the richness of interaction provided by personal service. For most businesses, e-commerce methods provide the equivalent of an information-rich counter attendant rather than a salesperson. This also means that feedback about how people react to product and service offerings also tends to be more granular or perhaps lost using e-commerce approaches. If your only feedback is that people are (or are not) buying your products or services online, this is inadequate for evaluating how to change or improve your e-commerce strategies and/or product and service offerings. Successful business use of e-commerce typically involves strategies for gaining and applying customer feedback. (VUsolutions) This helps businesses to understand, anticipate and meet changing online customer needs and preferences, which is critical because of the comparatively rapid rate of ongoing Internet-based change.

9.    Size and number of transactions. E-commerce is most often conducted using credit card facilities for payments, and as a result very small and very large transactions tend not to be conducted online. The size of transactions is also impacted by the economics of transporting physical goods. For example, any benefits or conveniences of buying a box of pens online from a US-based business tend to be eclipsed by the cost of having to pay for them to be delivered to you in Australia. The delivery costs also mean that buying individual items from a range of different overseas businesses is significantly more expensive than buying all of the goods from one overseas business because the goods can be packaged and shipped together.
................................
SOLUTION-2:


Answer:
E-Commerce is still lacking in Pakistan despite the availability of reliable IT infrastructure and courier companies providing fast and reliable physical delivery due to following reasons;

• In the rural areas IT infrastructure is present but in lags in terms of speed  and connectivity.

• The banks and financial institutions have the capacity to offer e-commerce services but have been reluctant due to the lack of its demand in the market.

• The penetration of personal computers and IT infrastructure in the rural areas
needs improvement but from our analysis we conclude that its supply will quickly follow its demand in rural areas whenever it increases.

• Personal computers are common and are found in all educational institutions,
offices, and households. The present state of electrical supply in the country has been very poor.

• Households and businesses have been facing electrical shortages of several hours in a day. Under these circumstances the IT infrastructure becomes secondary as without electrical supply all of these are useless.

• In the rural areas, traditional economy prevails and compared to the developed countries, people engaged in agriculture are not nearly as educated.

• The agriculture sector in developing countries is still following centuries old
market practices hence e-commerce is not a suitable tool for them.

• People have less faith in financial institution’s capacity to provide security for
online transactions but this phenomenon is linked with the government’s inability to improve law and order situation in the country and provide cyber protection to the people.

• The high difference between urban and rural areas in terms of IT adoption is a reflection of the contrasting education levels which is very low in rural areas.

• Only a small percentage of the national population has the mental capacity to 
operate a computer, use the internet and appreciate the benefits of e-commerce.............
.................Assignment # 3

All the students of IT430 are directed to download the 3rd assignment. Due date for submission is Tuesday 18 January, 2011

Question: (10 Marks)


Read the attached research paper thoroughly and write in your own words that why we still are lacking in E-Commerce despite the availability of reliable IT infrastructure and courier companies providing fast and reliable physical delivery in Pakistan.


Your answer should not exceed more than a page and strictly to the point. Avoid irrelevant stories and lengthy answers otherwise your marks will be deducted. 
......................

Following are the idea lines mentioned in the research paper, make your own words:


IT infrastructure in Pakistan is up to mark providing consumers and businesses a reliable and efficient mode to conduct transactions. This fact is true for the urban areas in particular, however, in the rural areas IT infrastructure is present but in lags in terms of speed and connectivity. Consumers have access to good quality internet at cheap costs and they are satisfied with it. The physical delivery system is also reliable and offers quick deliveries nationwide. Besides the local governmental postal services, there are foreign companies such as FedEx and UPS operating in Pakistan providing physical delivery services. The banks and financial institutions have the capacity to offer e-commerce services but have been reluctant due to the lack of its demand in the market. The Central bank of Pakistan is providing the basic setup that is required for online transactions. The penetration of personal computers and IT infrastructure in the rural areas needs improvement but from our analysis we conclude that its supply will quickly follow its demand in rural areas whenever it increases. 

Personal computers are common and are found in all educational institutions, offices, and households. The present state of electrical supply in the country has been very poor. 

Households and businesses have been facing electrical shortages of several hours in a day. Under these circumstances the 
IT infrastructure becomes secondary as without electrical supply all of these are useless. In the rural areas, traditional economy prevails and compared to the developed countries, people engaged in agriculture are not nearly as educated. The agriculture sector in developing countries is still following centuries old market practices hence e-commerce is not a suitable tool for them.



The government has taken initiatives to encourage e-commerce but considering the political instability and national issues of higher priority, the governments over the last decade have been unable to succeed in its efforts. The people of Pakistan have the tendency to trust online interactions however it is limited to the educated class in the urban areas. People have less faith in financial institution‟s capacity to provide security for online transactions but this phenomenon is linked with the government‟s inability to improve law and order situation in the country and provide cyber protection to the people. 

This trust can improve dramatically if the government is able to take productive steps to ensure people rights and security. Unlike in some Asian countries, people don‟t have high preference for face to face interactions. Especially in urban areas people are familiar with online chat rooms and have faith in it; however this trend is unpopular in rural areas. In Pakistan people prefer shopping in groups and seek peer approval before purchasing something. 



The high difference between urban and rural areas in terms of IT adoption is a reflection of the contrasting education levels which is very low in rural areas. This low literacy level means there is a small percentage of the population that can speak and write English, understands e-commerce and its benefits, can operate a computer. Therefore, only a small percentage of the national population has the mental capacity to operate a computer, use the internet and appreciate the benefits of e-commerce. 


These factors are inter-related and improving just one factor won‟t be sufficient to encourage e-commerce. The literacy level is low which results in a low productive workforce which in general results in low national productivity. The governments over the last ten years have been unstable and have not shown significant contribution to improve the literacy rate. In order to improve the state of e-commerce in the country the government needs to start at the grass root level and educate the masses and only through education will the people have the capacity to accept and embrace new technologies, innovations and way of life. Besides this significant reforms needs to be taken by the government to improve its own performance in terms of electrical supply. The cultural barriers would take time to overcome and through a paradigm shift in the mindsets of the masses can it be resolved.


NOTE: Every student should provide his/her own work, exact copying of text from the research paper or other students assignments will lead to copy case and zero marks will be awarded. Different softwares will be used to check plagiarism in assignments.

ACC311 Assignment No. 2

Saturday, January 15, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Semester “Fall 2010”
“Auditing (ACC311)”
Assignment No. 02 Marks: 10

Question 1:

Your senior has asked you to carry out an internal control review of the purchasing department of a manufacturing company. What control procedures would you expect in the following functions of the department:

• Ordering of goods
• Receipt of goods

Solution:

Ordering of Goods:

• Need assessment
• Proper Request from concerned department which needs these goods
• Approval of the request from Requesting department head
• Inviting Quotations from vendors (usually from authorized vendors)
• Quotation with competitive rates & best quality product is selected
• Proper Purchase Order is prepared stating terms & conditions of purchase
• Approval of Purchase order from Purchasing Department head

Receipt of Goods:

• Gate Pass is prepared
• Quality of goods is checked as per PO
• Quantity of Goods is checked as per PO
• Goods are entered in Store
• Goods are entered in stock ledger
• Check the bill is as per goods received
• Forward the Bill to Accounts Payable

Mgt301 Assignment No. 2 solution

Saturday, January 15, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Assignment No. 02 Marks: 15

“Pricing and Distribution Strategy”



Being a marketing manager in a washing soap and detergent manufacturing company, you were assigned a task by the senior marketing executive to prepare a report and revise some marketing strategies for increase the sales of recently introduced new detergent brand in the market, such as:.


1) Pricing Strategy

2) Distribution Strategy




Keeping in mind the above task you have to answer following questions.



A) Describe any two options that will be adopted by your competitor if you have decided to reduce detergent’s price? (5 + 5 = 10)



B) Which distribution strategy will be appropriated for detergent either intensive distribution or exclusive distribution? Elaborate your answer by providing logical reasons. (5)
..................
SOLUTION:






...............

Mgt 301 assignment # 2 Solution

A) Describe any two options that will be adopted by your competitor if you have decided
to reduce detergent’s price? (5 + 5 = 10)

Solution:-

Responding to competitors’ price changes
Maintain price
Maintain price and add value
Reduce price
Increase price and improve quality
Launch a low-price fighter line

Reduce price: The most obvious, and most popular, reaction is to match the competitor's
move. This maintains the status quo (but reduces profits pro rata). If this route is to be
chosen it is as well to make the move rapidly and obviously - not least to send signals to
the competitor of your intention to fight.

If we have decided to reduce detergent’s price our competitors will also lower its price to
match prices with us. Penetration pricing is also one the causes of this because we are
new in market with new brand and we try to offer lower prices detergents then our
competitor will also try to cut its price to match with our price. As in penetration pricing
market is highly price sensitive lower prices will attract more customers and they will
buy more and more.

Maintain price: Another reaction is to hope that the competitor has made a mistake, but
if the competitor's action does make inroads into a merchant's share, this can soon mean
customers lose confidence and a subsequent a loss of sales.

B) Which distribution strategy will be appropriated for detergent either intensive
distribution or exclusive distribution? Elaborate your answer by providing logical
reasons. (5)

Solution:-

Being a market manager I will adopt the method of intensive distribution for detergent
because the target market of this product is segmented for washing cloths using any
method.

The customer want to purchase this product from nearest shop as this is convenience
product.

Following are the reasons

At present Consumer prefer detergent on the base of quality.

Pakistani Peoples are moving from rural areas to urban areas as life style is
changing.

Advertising is promoting the detergents by comparing the functionality of
different detergents and laundry Soaps.

Increase awareness of usage benefit of detergent.

Mth302 Assignment No. 2 solution

Saturday, January 15, 2011 Posted In Edit This

Assignment # 2
MTH302 (Fall 2010)
Total marks: 10
Lecture # 22 to 33 
Due date: January 17, 2011 
 
DON’T MISS THESE Important instructions:
• Upload assignments properly through LMS, (No Assignment will be accepted through email).
• All students are directed to use the font and style of text as is used in this document.
• This is an individual assignment, not ***** assignment, so keep in mind that you are supposed to submit your own, self made & different assignment even if you discuss the questions with your class fellows. All similar assignments (even with some meaningless modifications) will be awarded zero marks and no excuse will be accepted. This is your responsibility to keep your assignment safe from others. Many solution files sent by students in assignment 1 are found to be copied and so awarded zero. You are therefore reminding here again.

• There are 5 questions in the assignment but only one question will be graded. 

Question 1: (Non-graded)
Find a linear regression line y = ax + b (where a is the slope and b is the y-intercept) 
for values of x and y given below. 
y x
7 3
10 5
11 7
15 9

Question 2: (Non-graded)
Find Quartile Deviation of the following data.

1,2,8,7,10,11,15,20,18,25

Question 3: (Graded) Marks 10
The table below shows the demand for a particular item in a shop for the last nine months.
Month Demand
1 10
2 12
3 13
4 17
5 15
6 19
7 20
8 21
9 20

Calculate a three month moving average. What would be your forecast for the demand in month ten?

Question 4: (Non-graded) 
Calculate the coefficient of variation for data given below.
10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20

Question 5: (Non-graded)
Calculate the mean, median, mode and range of the data given below.
0, 1, 2, 5, 9, 8, 3, 2, 6
............................
SOLUTION:

Question : 1
Preferred stocks 50,000 . Rs.100 par value 5,000,000
Common stock 700,000 . Rs. 1 700,000
Additional Paid in Capital Common stock
700,000 . Rs. 14 9,800,000
Retained Earning 5,450,000
Total equity 20,950,000

2004 to 2008
Working: div common stock: 700,000 x .60= 420,000
= 420,000 x 5 = 2,100,000
Div preferred stock: 9x50,000 = 450,000
= 450,000 x 5 = 2,250,000
Total Div = 2,100,000+2,250,000=4,350,000
Retained earnings up to 2008 = 8,750,000-4,350,000=4,400,000

2009
Div preferred stock: 9x50,000 = 450,000
Retained earnging upto 2009 = 1,500,000 – 450,000 = 1,050,000
Net income 2009 = 1,050,000+4,400,000=5450,000
...
Question 3: (Graded) Marks 10

The table below shows the demand for a particular item in a shop for the last nine months.

Month Demand

1 10
2 12
3 13
4 17
5 15
6 19
7 20
8 21
9 20

[b]Calculate a three month moving average. What would be your forecast for the demand in month ten?

Solution
The three month moving average for months 3 to 9 is given by:
m3 = (10 + 12 + 13)/3 = 11.67
m4 = (12 + 13 + 17)/3 = 14.00
m5 = (13 + 17 + 15)/3 = 15.00
m6 = (17 + 15 + 19)/3 = 17.00
m7 = (15 + 19 + 20)/3 = 18.00
m8 = (19 + 20 + 21)/3 = 20.00
m9 = (20 + 21 + 20)/3 = 20.33
The forecast for month 10 is just the moving average for the month before that i.e. the moving average for month 9 = m9 = 20.33.

Hence (as we cannot have fractional demand) the forecast for month 10 is 20.
............

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