Please doesn’t copy paste it… It’s just an idea n nothing more than it… so please make your assign by yourself.
Thanks!
Marks: 20
Q.NO.1
Progressive elaboration is the characteristic of the project. Progressively means "developing thoroughly in steps and continuing steadily by increments" while elaborated means “worked out with care and detail, developed thoroughly” Considering the above definition, give progressive elaboration of Motorway construction project.
Solution:
A highway is any public road. In American English, the term is common and almost always designates major roads. In British English, the term (which is not particularly common) designates any road open to the public. Any interconnected set of highways can be variously referred to as a "highway system", a "highway network", or a "highway transportation system". Each country has its own national highway system.
A highway is designed exclusively for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow and ingress/egress regulated. They are known by various terms worldwide such as motorway, parkway, expressway, etc.
Highways provide an unhindered flow of traffic, with no traffic signals and intersections (where two roads meet). They are free of any at-grade crossings with other roads, railways, or pedestrian paths.
A highway is also known as Motorway. So don’t get confused.
Construction techniques
The most frequent way freeways are laid out is usually by building them from the ground up after things such as forestry or buildings are cleared away. Sometimes they deplete farmland, but other methods have been developed for economic, social, and even environmental reasons.
Full freeways are sometimes made by converting at-grade expressways or by replacing at-grade intersections with overpasses; however, any at-grade intersection that ends a freeway remains. Often, when there is a two-lane undivided freeway or expressway, it is converted by constructing a twin corridor on the side by leaving a median between the two travel directions. The opposing side for the old two-way corridor becomes a passing lane.
Other techniques involve building a new carriageway on the side of a divided highway that has a lot of private access on one side and sometimes has long driveways on the other side since an easement for widening comes into place, especially in rural areas.
When a "third" carriageway is added, sometimes it can shift a directional carriageway by 50–200 ft (or maybe more depending on land availability) as a way to retain private access on one side that favors over the other. Other instances involve constructing a service drive that shortens the long driveways typically by less than 100 m.
Environmental effects:
Environmental effects are related to curiosity of the project and work with care and develop thoroughly.
Controlled-access highways have been constructed both between urban centers and within them, leading to the sprawling suburban development found near most modern cities.
They ideally serve to reduce travel times and accident rates, though the higher speeds have increased the severity and death rates of the collisions that do occur.
Q.NO.2
Why project procurement management is most important? Give an overview.
Solution:
Project Risk management is the systematic process of identifying, analyzing, and responding to project risk. It includes maximizing the probability and consequences of positive events and minimizing the probability and consequences of adverse events to project objectives.
Project procurement management is important because of the following factors:
- Risk Management Planning—deciding how to approach and plan the risk management activities for a project.
- Risk Identification—determining which risks might affect the project and documenting their characteristics.
- Qualitative Risk Analysis—performing a qualitative analysis of risks and conditions to prioritize their effects on project objectives.
- Quantitative Risk Analysis—measuring the probability and consequences of risks and estimating their implications for project objectives.
- Risk Response Planning—developing procedures and techniques to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to the project’s objectives.
- Risk Monitoring and Control—monitoring residual risks, identifying new risks, executing risk reduction plans, and evaluating their effectiveness throughout the project life cycle.
- These processes interact with each other and with the processes in the other knowledge areas. Each process generally occurs at least once in every project.
