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CS615 Software Project Management Assignment No. 2 solution

Tuesday, November 23, 2010 Posted In Edit This
Software Project Management
Assignment # 02
Fall 2010
Marks: 20
Due Date

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Assignment:

Q. 01 How Facilitated Application Specification Techniques (FAST) help in
the requirement elicitation for software? Is requirement analysis and
requirements elicitation is same thing?

Q. 02 Make comparative analysis between the GOF design pattern and
GRASP design pattern with their pros and cons.

..................
solution:



CS 615_2nd_Idea Solution
Question # 1:
01 How Facilitated Application Specification Techniques (FAST) help in the
requirement elicitation for software? Is requirement analysis and requirements
elicitation is same thing?

Solution:
Effective software management plan much depends on the nature of the software itself, to
be developed. The plan can only remain successful if all the scheduled activities are
performed according to the timelines already decided. It has been observed that quite a
high amount of projects both in developing and developed countries fail despite the
organization wide process maturity. There are many factors that contribute in the
successful and on time completion of the software but the most important of the phases is
the requirement engineering in which requirement are to be fabricated and rectified again
and again to suggest the most appropriate requirements. FAST (Facilitated Application
Specification Technique) has emerged as a technology to help decrease the
communication gap between the customer and the developer. The success of FAST
session generally depends on the way the session is conducted by the facilitator
Requirement analysis
Requirements analysis, also called requirements engineering, is the process of
determining user expectations for a new or modified product. These features, called
requirements, must be quantifiable, relevant and detailed. In software engineering, such
requirements are often called functional specifications. Requirements analysis is an
important aspect of project management.
Requirements analysis involves frequent communication with system users to determine
specific feature expectations, resolution of conflict or ambiguity in requirements as
demanded by the various users or groups of users, avoidance of feature creep and
documentation of all aspects of the project development process from start to finish.
Energy should be directed towards ensuring that the final system or product conforms to
client needs rather than attempting to mold user expectations to fit the requirements.
Requirements analysis is a team effort that demands a combination of hardware, software
and human factors engineering expertise as well as skills in dealing with people.
Requirements Elicitation

Ø Standish Group listed "Lack of User Input" as most common factor of
challenged projects.
Ø Requirements Elicitation is the process of discovering the requirements for a
system by communication with customers, system users and others who have
a stake in the system development.1
Ø Development teams have to take the initiative.
Requirements elicitation is concerned with where software requirements come from and
how the software engineer can collect them. It is the first stage in building an
understanding of the problem the software is required to solve. It is fundamentally a
human activity, and is where the stakeholders are identified and relationships established
between the development team and the customer. It is variously termed "requirements
capture," "requirements discovery," and "requirements acquisition."
One of the fundamental tenets of good software engineering is that there is good
communication between software users and software engineers. Before development
begins, requirements specialists may form the conduit for this communication. They must
mediate between the domain of the software users (and other stakeholders) and the
technical world of the software engineer.

Question # 2:
Make comparative analysis between the GOF design pattern and
GRASP design pattern with their pros and cons.
Solution:
GRASP stands for General Responsibility Assignment Software Patterns
There are several GRASP patterns. Some of them are simply good design principles, and
one can argue whether they are really patterns. For example, High Cohesion and Low
Coupling are two that are well known design principles and not really patterns.
The full set of GRASP patterns are:
• Information Expert
• Creator
• Controller
• Low Coupling
• High Cohesion
• Polymorphism
• Pure Fabrication
• Indirection
• Protected Variations

l This approach to understanding and using design principles is based on patterns of
assigning responsibilities.
l The GRASP patterns are a learning aid to help one understand essential object
design, and apply design reasoning in a methodical, rational, explainable way.
l After identifying your requirements and creating a domain model, then add
methods to the software classes, and define the messaging between the objects to
fulfill the requirements.
l Doing:
l Doing something itself, such as creating an object or doing a calculation
l Initiating action in other objects
l Controlling and coordinating activities in other objects.
l Knowing:
l Knowing about private encapsulated data
l Knowing about related objects
l Knowing about things it can derive or calculate
l Interaction diagrams show choices in assigning responsibilities to objects.
l GRASP patterns guide choices in where to assign responsibilities.
l GRASP patterns are a codification of widely used basic principles.
l Assign a responsibility to the information expert – the class that has the
information necessary to fulfill the responsibility.
l What is a general principle of assigning responsibilities to objects?
l Who should be responsible for knowing/doing …?
l Domain model (domain expert, domain analysis) to design model
(software classes).
l Any existing to any representative.
GOF design pattern
A pattern addresses a recurring design problem that arises in specific design situations
and presents a solution to it.
There are many types of GOF design pattern we will discuss some of them
Creational Design Patterns
Singleton Design Pattern
Visitor Design Pattern
Strategy Pattern
Command Pattern
Proxy Design Pattern
Singleton Design PatternThe Singleton pattern ensures that a class has only one
instance. Provides a global point of access to that instance.

Constructor is 'PRIVATE'. This ensures that no other code in your application will be
able to create an instance of this class, by using the constructor directly. Using a static
method, which returns an object? Static variable, used for holding the created instance. If
the instance is already there, the static method do not create a second one, instead returns
the already created one. When multiple threads are introduced, you must protect the
getInstance() method through synchronization. If the getInstance() method is not
protected against synchronization, it is possible to return two different instances of the
Singleton object. Refer to Double Checked Lock (DCL) programming pattern and
ThreadLocal implementation for better singleton implementation in a multithreaded
environment.
The Proxy Design Pattern The Proxy pattern is used when you need to represent an
object that is complex or time consuming to create, by a simpler one. If creating an object
is expensive in time or computer resources, Proxy allows you to postpone this creation
until you need the actual object. A Proxy usually has the same methods as the object it
represents, and once the object is loaded, it passes on the method calls from the Proxy to
the actual object. There are several cases where a Proxy can be useful:
1. If an object, such as a large image, takes a long time to load.
2. If the object is on a remote machine and loading it over the network may be slow,
especially during peak network load periods.
3. If the object has limited access rights, the proxy can validate the accesspermissions for
that user.
The Visitor Design Pattern The Visitor pattern turns the tables on our objectoriented
model and creates an external class to act on data in other classes. This is
useful when you have a polymorphic operation that cannot reside in the class
hierarchy for some reason.. For example, the operation wasn't considered when the
hierarchy was designed, or because it would clutter the interface of the classes
unnecessarily.
TheStrategyPattern The Strategy pattern is much like the State pattern in outline,
but a little different in intent. The Strategy pattern consists of a number of related
algorithms encapsulated in a driver class called the Context. Your client program can
select one of these differing algorithms or in some cases the Context might select the
best one for you. The intent is to make these algorithms interchangeable and provide
a way to choose the most appropriate one. The difference between State and Strategy
is that the user generally chooses which of several strategies to apply and that only
one strategy at a time is likely to be instantiated and active within the Context class.
By contrast, as we have seen, it is possible that all of the different States will be

active at once and switching may occur frequently between them. In addition,
Strategy encapsulates several algorithms that do more or less the same thing, while
State encapsulates related classes that each do something somewhat different. Finally,
the concept of transition between different states is completely missing in the Strategy
pattern.
The Command Pattern The Chain of Responsibility forwards requests along a chain of
classes, but the Command pattern forwards a request only to a specific object. It encloses
a request for a specific action inside an object and gives it a known public interface. It
lets you give the client the ability to make requests without knowing anything about the
actual action that will be performed, and allows you to change that action without
affecting the client program in any way

BNK601 Online Quiz No. 2 Announced

Tuesday, November 23, 2010 Posted In Edit This
Quiz will cover Video lecture no. 01 to 18

Schedule

Opening Date and Time
24 Nov 2010 At 12:01 AM (Mid-Night)

Closing Date and Time
25 Nov, 2010 At 11:59 PM (Mid-Night)

24 hours extra time is not available

Dear Students!

Read the following instructions carefully before attempting the Quiz.

Instructions

l You can start attempting the quiz at any time but within given date(s) by clicking the quick link for Quiz on VU-LMS as it will become enabled within the mentioned dates. As soon as the time will be over, it will automatically be disabled and will not be available to attempt it.

l Quiz will be based on Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Covering Video Lectures 1 to 18.

Fin621 GDB Solution

Tuesday, November 23, 2010 Posted In Edit This
"Suppose you are working as an accountant and the president of your firm Mr. Ali has a little back ground of accounting. This morning, he approached you and said:

"Last year we purchased a piece of land for Rs. 200,000. During this, the inflation has driven prices up by 12 %, and an expert has also just told me that we can sell this land for Rs. 300,000 whereas our balance sheet still shows the land at Rs. 200,000. It should be valued at Rs. 300,000 or at least at Rs. 224,000 (after the effect of 12% inflation)".

Identify accounting principle(s) (GAAP) applicable to this situation which negates Mr. Ali's Claim. "

.............
solution:

Prudence principle: when choosing between two solutions, the one that will be least likely to overstate assets and income should be picked

Cost principle requires companies to account and report based on acquisition costs rather than fair market value for most assets and liabilities. This principle provides information that is reliable (removing opportunity to provide subjective and potentially biased market values), but not very relevant. Thus there is a trend to use fair values. Most debts and securities are now reported at market values.

Fin622 GDB No. 1 solution

Tuesday, November 23, 2010 Posted In Edit This


Solution:
To find out the NPV use this calculator click this link
http://www.zenwealth.com/BusinessFinanc ... lator.html



Also watch this video clip at u tube regarding our GDB, just waste 6 minutes and find out your own GDB answer
click the link below
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA8le4Fn ... re=related
_________________________________
After discounting all cash flows of projects with its opportunity coats, the net present
values of all three projects are (NPV)
Project A_NPV: +1432
Project B_NPV: -12200
Project C_NPV: +21485
1: On the basis of NPV approach, which project(s) you would select if the projects are independent and why?
ANS _1 :If the projects are independent so the projects that have +NPV should be accepted in the given scenario project A and C have positive NPV
2: On the basis of NPV approach, which project(s) you would select if the projects are mutually exclusive and why
Mutually exclusives are those projects where we have to choose only one out of different options.
If the projects are mutually exclusive the one with higher positive net present value (+NPV) should be chosen
Ans_2: So in given scenario the best project is C with the higher positive npv 21485 among three projects so rationally chose project C
Reference: Financial Management Theory and Practice 8th edition _BRIGHAM AND GAPENCSKI
Chapter #9 page #398
..........



XYZ Company is one of the biggest manufacturing concerns of the country. Being the finance manager of XYZ Company, you have been assigned a task to evaluate three projects. The future cash flows from the three projects are summarized in given table.



Project A
Project B
Project C

Initial investment
45,000
70,000
50,000


Cash inflows

Year 1
20,000
20,000
30,000

Year 2
20,000
26,000
28,000

Year 3
20,000
30,000
35,000

Consider the discount factor to be 14% and that the company has sufficient funds to take projects.

Required:

I. On the basis of NPV approach, which project(s) you would select if the projects are independent and why?

II. On the basis of NPV approach, which project(s) you would select if the projects are mutually exclusive and why?

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