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Hub

Switch

Router

A hub is typically the least expensive, least intelligent, and least complicated of the three.

Its job is very simple: anything that comes in one port is sent out to the others.

Every computer connected to the hub "sees" everything that every other computer on the hub sees.

The hub itself is blissfully ignorant of the data being transmitted. For years, simple hubs have been quick and easy ways to connect computers in small networks.

Most devices now are capable of both 10mps (10 mega-bits, or million bits, per second) as well as 100mbs and will automatically detect the speed. If the device is labeled with only one speed then it will only be able to communicate with devices that also support that speed.

1000mbs or "gigabit" devices are starting to slowly become more common as well.

A switch does essentially what a hub does but more efficiently. By paying attention to the traffic that comes across it, it can "learn" where particular addresses are.

If it sees traffic from machine A coming in on port 2, it now knows that machine A is connected to that port and that traffic to machine A needs to only be sent to that port and not any of the others.

The net result of using a switch over a hub is that most of the network traffic only goes where it needs to rather than to every port.

On busy networks this can make the network significantly faster.

Similarly many devices now also include 802.11b or 802.11g wireless transmitters that simply act like additional ports to the device.

A router is the smartest and most complicated of the bunch. Routers come in all shapes and sizes from the small four-port broadband routers that are very popular right now to the large industrial strength devices that drive the internet itself.

A simple way to think of a router is as a computer that can be programmed to understand, possibly manipulate, and route the data it’s being asked to handle.

All routers include some kind of user interface for configuring how the router will treat traffic.

The really large routers include the equivalent of a full-blown programming language to describe how they should operate as well as the ability to communicate with other routers to describe or determine the best way to get network traffic from point A to point B.