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Monday, June 13, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Published On: Tuesday, April 12, 2011

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Mkt630 GDB No. 3 Solution

Monday, June 13, 2011 Posted In Edit This

MKT630 - International Marketing


GDB NO. 3
Total Marks 5


Starting Date Monday, June 13, 2011
Closing Date Tuesday, June 14, 2011


Question:


In recent years it has been seen that number of cross-border joint ventures are increasing. But it is dangerous to ignore the fact that the average lifespan for alliance is only about seven years, and nearly 80% of joint ventures ultimately end in a sale by one of the partners. List only the four reasons for the failure of cross-border joint ventures.


Objective:


To know the different modes of entry into international marketing
To know the cross-border joint ventures
To know the basis for joint ventures
To know the factors that influences the joint ventures

SOLUTION MATERIAL 



WHY JOINT VENTURES FAIL

Joint ventures fail for many reasons. In addition to those mentioned above, other factors include: disappearing markets, lagging technology, partners' inability to honor the contract, cultural differences interfering with progress, or governmental and macroeconomic de-stabilizing factors. However, many of these reasons can be eliminated with careful planning.


Inconsistent government interference is a difficult problem to overcome. For example, the United States government has long maintained restrictions against exporting certain technologies to selected foreign countries, such as those utilized to produce jet engines and computers. These restrictions place American companies at a competitive disadvantage, since other countries do not place similar constraints on their businesses. Thus, American companies are unable to engage in certain joint ventures.

Companies that engage in military-oriented joint ventures are often subject to unanticipated risks. The federal government may allocate funds for the production of certain weapons, sign contracts with manufacturers, and then discontinue the project due to changing needs, budget restrictions, or election results. Such government actions are a common risk to these joint ventures. They introduce an element of insecurity into the projects, which is something that partners try to avoid as much as possible.


Another problem with joint ventures concerns the issue of management. The managers of one company may be more adept at decision making than their counterparts at the other company. This can lead to friction and a lack of cooperation. Projects are doomed to failure if there is not a well-defined decision-making process in place that is predicated on mutual goals and strategies.


For example, if two auto manufacturing companies engage in a joint venture, it is imperative that they be similar in their structures and approach to business. If one company relies heavily on nonunionized workers who operate in an autonomous team-building environment, and the other comprises a unionized workforce oriented toward assembly line production in which workers specialize in narrow tasks, the chances of success are poor. The workers at the first plant would be prone to making decisions and solving problems on their own, which would reduce the levels of bureaucracy needed to manage production. Conversely, the workers at the second plant would likely defer to higher-level managers to make decisions. The differences would be difficult to overcome and would lead to higher costs and slower production. While the differences could be alleviated through planning before the actual manufacturing process began, the time expended might lead to technology gaps and other impediments to earning a profit. Most companies engaging in joint ventures would prefer not to deal with such problems after a project was implemented. Rather, they aim to eliminate them through careful planning. Doing so increases profits in the long run, which is one of the many benefits of successful joint ventures.

Fin623 Taxation Management Students Attention Pls

Monday, June 13, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Dear Students, 


FIN623 (Taxation Management) assignment#2 solution has been uploaded on LMS. But the solution is incorrect.

Students were required to calculate the taxable income and tax liability for the tax year 2010, But in solution all data is used for the tax year 2011.

In this way all students will get ZERO marks.

Please ask your instructor to rectify the solution & check our assignments for the tax year 2010.


Mgt201 Assignment No. 2 solution

Monday, June 13, 2011 Posted In , Edit This

Question # 1
Current investigation has gathered the following financial data from ABC Company. You are required to calculate the following:

Bond: Calculate the value of a Rs. 5,000 (par value) bond paying interest at an
annual coupon interest rate of 10% with 10 years maturity and the required return on similar-risk bonds is currently a 12% annual rate paid annually.
Common stock: Company has recently paid annual dividend of Rs.1.50 per common share this year. The Company expects earnings and dividends to grow at a rate of 7% per year for the anticipated future. What required rate of return for this stock would result in a price per share of Rs. 32?

Question # 2
Using the basic equation of capital asset pricing model (CAPM), solve followings for the unknown.
1. Find the risk free rate of return with a required rate of return of 18% and a beta of 1.50 when the market return is 16%.
2. Find the beta for a stock with a required rate of return of 15% when the risk free rate of return and market risk premium are 10% and 2.5% respectively.

(Show complete calculations and provide all formulas as they carry marks)



Last Date of this assignment is June 13, 2011.


Solution:


Question # 1
1. Value of Bond
PV = Rs. 4,434.9776

2. Required rate of return.

rCE = 11.69 %

Question # 2
1. Risk free rate of return.

Rf = 12 %

2. Beta for stock.

βi = - 0.667







::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


Calculate the value of a Rs. 5,000 (par value) bond paying interest at anannual coupon interest rate of 10% with 10 years maturity and the requiredreturn on similar?risk bonds is currently a 12% annual rate paid annually.

Value of Bond Vb = INT(PVIFA Kd,N) + M(PVIF Kd,N)
We have M=Maturity value of bond = 5000,
Coupon =10% annual. So INT = 10%*5000 = $500 & Kd=12% = Current Int rate
Period N=10yrs
Putting values we get
Vb=500*(PVIFA 12%,10) + 5000(PVIF 12%,10)
ie Vb = 500*[1/Kd - 1/{Kd(1+Kd)^N}] + 5000*(1/(1+Kd)^N
ie Vb = 500*[1/12% - 1/{12%*(1+12%)^10}] + 5000*(1/(1+12%)^10)
ie Vb = 500*(1/12% - 2.6831) + 5000*0.32197
ie Vb = 2825.11 + 1609.85
ie Vb= $4434.96
So Current Market value of Bond is $4434.96









Using the basic equation of capital asset pricing model (CAPM), solve followingsfor the unknown.

1. Find the risk free rate of return with a required rate of return of 18% anda beta of 1.50 when the market return is 16%.

2. Find the beta for a stock with a required rate of return of 15% when therisk free rate of return and market risk premium are 10% and 2.5%respectively.


1. Find the risk free rate of return with a required rate of return of 18% anda beta of 1.50 when the market return is 16%.

Required return Ks =Risk-free rate + Market riskpremium* beta
So Ks = kRF + Beta (Market Return-kRF) = kRF - kRF*Beta + Beta*Market Return
ie kRF = (Ks - Beta*Mkt Return)/(1-Beta)
we have Ks = 18%, Beta = 1.50, Mkt Return = 16%

SO kRF = (18% -1.5*16%)/(1-1.5) = 6%/0.5 = 12%
SO kRF = 12%...................Ans (1)

2. Find the beta for a stock with a required rate of return of 15% when therisk free rate of return and market risk premium are 10% and 2.5%respectively.

Required return Ks =Risk-free rate + Market riskpremium* beta
So Beta = (Ks - kRF)/MRP
We have Ks = 15%, kRF = 10% & MRP = 2.5%
So Beta = (15%-10%)/2.5% = 2.0.......Ans (2)



Company has recently paid annual dividend of Rs.1.50 per common share this year. The Company expects earnings and dividends to grow at a rate of 7% per year for the anticipated future. What required rate of return for this stock would result in a price per share of Rs. 32?

Do=1.50
groeth rate g =7%
Price expected P1=32
We require Rate of Return Ks

Now we know that Stoock Price P1 = D1/(Ks-g) = Do*(1+g)/(Ks-g)
Solving for Ks, we get
Ks-g = D0(1+g)/P1
ie Ks = g + D0*(1+g)/P1 = 7% + 1.50*(1+7%)/32 = 0.12 = 12%
So required rate of return for this stock is Ks = 12%

IT430 Assignment No. 4 solution

Monday, June 13, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Assignment No. 04
Semester: Spring 2011
IT430 E-Commerce

Total Marks: 10
Due Date: 14/06/2011



Uploading instructions:

Please view the Assignment Submission Process document provided to you by the Virtual University for uploading assignments.

  • Your assignment must be in .doc format.(Any other formats like scan images, PDF, Zip, rar, bmp, docx etc will not be accepted)
  • Save your assignment with your ID (e.g. bc020200786.doc).
  • No assignment will be accepted through email.
Rules for Marking:

It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if:

·         The assignment is submitted after due date.
·         The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupted.
·         Your assignment is copied from internet, handouts or from any other student
      (Strict disciplinary action will be taken in this case).





Question (10)

Read the attached research paper thoroughly and write in your own words that how can e-commerce influence the small companies/enterprises in developing countries? Also propose different strategies that can be helpful for the success of small business using e-commerce in Pakistan?
  
Your answer should not exceed more than a page and strictly to the point. Avoid irrelevant stories and lengthy answers otherwise your marks will be deducted. 

NOTE: Every student should provide his/her own work, exact copying of text from the research paper or other students assignments will lead to copy case and zero marks will be awarded. Different softwares will be used to check plagiarism in assignments. Do not put any query at MDB about this assignment, if you have any query then  email at it430@vu.edu.pk



Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted on or before 14th June 2011.
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


Solution:




E-business:

An e-business is defined as a company/entity that has ah online presence. E-business that has the ability to sell, trade, barter or transact over the web can be considered as an e-commerce business. An e-business model is defined by company policy, operation, technology and ideology.

Advantages of E-commerce:
These are some advantages of e-commerce.

  Personalize services
  High quality services
  No inventory cost
  Worldwide reach of the business
  Bulk transaction
  Improved supply chain management
  Convenient for customer
  Increase affectivity through proper communication with customer
  Increase profitability by producing customer oriented product.
  Increase business activities as customer can order product at their home.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


E-business:
An e-business is defined as a company/entity that has ah online presence. E-business that has the ability to sell, trade, barter or transact over the web can be considered as an e-commerce business. An e-business model is defined by company policy, operation, technology and ideology.

Advantages of E-commerce:
These are some advantages of e-commerce.

 Personalize services
 High quality services
 No inventory cost
 Worldwide reach of the business
 Bulk transaction
 Improved supply chain management
 Convenient for customer
 Increase affectivity through proper communication with customer
 Increase profitability by producing customer oriented product.
 Increase business activities as customer can order product at their home.


Strategies for small business:
Strategies helpful for the success of small business using e-commerce in Pakistan;
Following are the strategies that can be used in Pakistan.
• B2B strategy:
In B2B E-commerce strategy there is online selling and purchasing of goods and services between businesses or its supply chain management over the internet, private networks and intranets.
• B2C strategy:
In B2C strategy there is online selling of goods and services and contents to customers.
I think In Pakistan B2C strategy is more beneficial for small businesses



:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


how can e-commerce influence the small companies/enterprises in developing countries?

E-commerece can improve the living style in developing contries. It can improve accessibility of common man to higher athourties. To start the e-bussiness or online trading is not much difficult for small compnies, Becuse basically you need to develop a website to start the e-bussiness. In deveoping contries there is a concept that only the large companies can use the e-commerece for bussiness but it is wrong. The small companies did not need the very skill worker or I.T profeesionals to run e-bussiness. But there is some points that must keep in mind that the how many peoples are using the computers? Is people feel comfortable in e-shoping or not ? Peoples are must be much educated? If a company never keep this point in mind it never be successful in market.

Also propose different strategies that can be helpful for the success of small business using e-commerce in Pakistan?

There is alot of potential for e-commerece in Pakistan. This kind of bussiness is very much popular in youngsters both living big cities or small towns. In Pakistan there are a large number of I.T experts available. The large number of population use computers. So there can be successfully run the e-bussiness.

But the e-bussiness should follow basic good designprinciples, market properly, understand customers and their buying habits, price correctly,anticipate cash flow, monitor competition / technology / marketplace changes , keep growthslow and steady, delegate, develop good internal communications, you must get suggestions from the customers and improve it according to it.
• B2B strategy:
In B2B E-commerce strategy there is online selling and purchasing of goods and services between businesses or its supply chain management over the internet, private networks and intranets.
• B2C strategy:
In B2C strategy there is online selling of goods and services and contents to customers.
I think In Pakistan B2C strategy is more beneficial for small businesses.

Mth301 Assignment No. 3

Monday, June 13, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Assignment #  3

MTH301 (Spring 2011)
Total marks: 10
Lecture # 17 to 26  

DON’T MISS THESE Important instructions:

  • Only Question # 4 is graded. Remaining questions are for your practice only therefore, you do not need to send the solution of non-graded questions.
  • All students are directed to use the font and style of text as is used in this document.
  • This is an individual assignment, not group assignment, so keep in mind that you are supposed to submit your own, self made & different assignment even if you discuss the questions with your class fellows. All similar assignments (even with some meaningless modifications) will be awarded zero marks and no excuse will be accepted. This is your responsibility to keep your assignment safe from others.
  • Solve the assignment on MS word document and upload your word (.doc) files only.

                                                                         
Question 1:

Use double integral to find the volume in the first octant bounded by the coordinate planes, the plane   and plane.


Question 2:

Use double integral to find the volume of the solid bounded by the cylinder  and the plane z=0 and z=2-x.  

Question # 3

Evaluate the iterated integral         by converting to polar coordinates.




Question # 4

Use a double integral in polar coordinates to find the area of the region inside the circle   r =1 and outside the cardioid.

                                                              

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