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CS601 Assignment # 3 Solution

Tuesday, June 29, 2010 Posted In Edit This


CS 601 3RD ASSIGNMENT SOLUTION 

a. Is the transmission medium a part of the physical layer? Why or why not? 
Solution:
The transmission medium is the physical path between transmiter and receiver in a data transmission system.
The term transmission medium can also refer to the technical device which employs the material substance to transmit or guide the waves. Thus an optical fiber or a copper cable can be referred to as a transmission medium. 

Coaxial Cable, One example of a transmission medium 
Electromagnetic radiation can be transmitted through an optical media, such as optical fiber, or through twisted pair wires,coaxial cable, or dielectric-slab waveguides. It may also pass through any physical material which is transparent to the specific wavelength, such as water, air, glass, or concrete. Sound is, by definition, the vibration of matter, so it requires a physical medium for transmission, as does other kinds of mechanical waves and heat energy. Historically, various aether theories were used in science and thought to be necessary to explain the transmission medium. However, it is now known that electromagnetic waves do not require a physical transmission medium, and so can travel through the "vacuum" of free space. Regions of the insulative vacuum can become conductive for electrical conduction through the presence of free electrons, holes, or ions.
b. What is the significance of the twisting in twisted-pair cable? 
Solution: 
They are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources; for The significance of twisting in twisted pair cable is as follows: 
Instance, electromagnetic radiation from unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs. 
It reduces the cross-sectional are exposed to magnetic fields, so reduces noise pickup on the line. The twisting also evens out the neg/pos exposure, minimizing common-mode noise. 
If the two wires are twisted around each other at regular intervals (b/w 2& 12 twists per foot), each wire is closer to the noise source for half the time and is away for the other half
Twisting does not always eliminate the impact of noise but it does significantly reduce it
With twisting, therefore the cumulative effect of the interference is equal on both wires
Each section of wire has a “Load” of 4 when it is on the top of the twist and ‘3’ when it is on the bottom
The total effect of the noise at the receiver is therefore 0 (14-14)
c. What is the purpose of cladding in an optical fiber? Discuss its density relative to the core. 
Solution: 
Optical fibers are used to transmit light over distances of up to several hundred kilometers. A typical optical fiber consists of a cylindrical glass core, just a few micrometers in diameter, surrounded by a layer of a slightly different type of glass known as the cladding. Light in the core travels slightly slower than light in the cladding and this property tends to keep any light sent into the core from one end of the fiber from leaking out, until it reaches the far end. The cladding is a glass sheath that surrounds the core. The cladding acts like a mirror, reflecting light back into the core. The cladding itself is covered with  a Plastic coating and strength material when appropriate. 
It gives strength to the fiber. In practical fibers, the cladding is usually coated with a tough resin buffer layer, which may be further surrounded by a jacket layer, usually plastic. These layers add strength to the fiber but do not contribute to its optical wave guide properties. Rigid fiber assemblies sometimes put light-absorbing ("dark") glass between the fibers, to prevent light that leaks out of one fiber from entering another. This reduces cross-talk between them. 
d. How does sky propagation differ from line-of-sight propagation? 
Solution:
You’re probably talking about bouncing AM radio waves, and lower frequencies off of the ionosphere, vs. higher frequencies radio waves, like microwaves, requiring line of sight from a transmitter to the receiver. The ionosphere, because it’s excited plasma, has a unique permittivity that reflects EM waves that are below a certain frequency. Waves that have a low frequency will be reflected back to the earth and can propagate greater distances around the earth when compared to the limits of line of site propagation. Of course now we have satellites.
There are various layers on the atmosphere. D - E - F1 and F2 layers. The F1 layer is opaque to low frequency radio waves (HF).
The medium frequency wave will propagate to the F2 layer.
E layer propagation works much the same way but reflects VHF and UHF (90 -800 MHz). VHF is really 30 MHz up to 300Mhz, but above 90 MHz the E layer reflects the signals better. Sporadic E is a densely ionized layer of Nitrogen atoms that are ionize\zed by high energy particles from the solar wind. Excited Oxygen Helium and Hydrogen atoms also plasmate too. These pasmated atoms (highly excited atoms) propagate UHF and microwaves, too. 
Modulation types have no bearing on propagation, though Single Sideband (SSB) suppressed carrier with a bandwidth of 3khz and CW (Continuous Wave - 200 - 800Hz) and a narrow band with a narrow IF pass-band will be detected by the envelope modulation detector before any other modulation types at further distances. 
The D layer will break down when the sun falls below the horizon, and medium wave signals will bounce of the F1 and F2 layers and travel further.

MGT401 GDB # 2 Solution

Tuesday, June 29, 2010 Posted In Edit This

MGT401 GDB # 2 Solution


Entries ill be

debit : asset value by 30000
credit : reveluation surplus by :30000
every year we can charge depreciation 150000/20=7500
if we compare it with depreciation on previous value of 12000 then
120000/20=6000
the difference can be reduced from surplus account and realized as retained earning.
debit: revaluation surplus : 1500
credit retained earning : 1500.

MGT502 Current Quiz

Tuesday, June 29, 2010 Posted In Edit This


Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 05:19:32 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is NOT an important issue relating to goal-setting theory?
Select correct option:

Goal specificity 
Equity among co-workers
Feedback
Defining the goal

Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 05:19:55 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Group behavior, power, and conflict are central areas of study for _____________.
Select correct option:
Sociologists
Anthropologists
Social psychologists
Operations analysts

Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 05:20:15 AM ) Total Marks: 1
When a bank robber points a gun at a bank employee, his base of power is:
Select correct option:
Coercive
Punitive
Positional
Authoritative

Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 05:21:01 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The managers of a multinational company are located in Taiwan, India, Brazil, and the United States. Which Group decision-making technique seems most reasonable for this organization?
Select correct option:

A postal service interaction
A brainstorming session
A nominal Group
An electronic meeting

Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 05:21:29 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What do we call it when we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the Group to which he/she belongs?
Select correct option:
Stereotyping
Categorizing
Halo effect
Prototyping

Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 05:22:47 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Sana is an honest and straightforward person. She believes her employees are all similarly honest and straightforward, ignoring signs that they may be manipulating her. What perceptual shortcut is Sana most likely using?
Select correct option:

Contrast effect
Halo effect
Stereotyping 
Projection

Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 05:23:05 AM ) Total Marks: 1
When your superior offers you a raise if you will perform additional work beyond the requirements of your job, he/she is exercising which of the following power?
Select correct option:

Legitimate
Coercive 
Reward
Personal

Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 05:23:27 AM ) Total Marks: 1
According to Robert Katz, when managers have the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations, they possess _____________ skills.
Select correct option:

Technical
Leadership
Problem-solving 
Conceptual

Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 05:23:46 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following statements best characterizes self-managed teams?
Select correct option:

Their team members often have low levels of job satisfaction 
Their team members prefer to work alone
Their productivity is generally low
They perform poorly during times of employee layoffs

Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 05:25:09 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following theory is proposed by Clayton Alderfer?
Select correct option:

Theory X and Theory Y
Hierarchy of Needs 
ERG Theory
Theory Z

Question # 11 of 15 ( Start time: 05:26:00 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Adil wants to get credit from the bank but bank can not approve credit to him because of past slow pay record. The bank manager and Adil meet and agree on a win-win solution that meets the need of both parties by involving a guarantee that will ensure payment if not made with in prescribed period. This is an example of
Select correct option:

Compromising intention
Accommodating intention
Distributive negotiation 
Integrative negotiation

Question # 12 of 15 ( Start time: 05:27:25 AM ) Total Marks: 1
While managing political behaviors in organization, the manager requires discouraging:
Select correct option:

Negotiation
Relationships 
Self interest
Dialogue

Question # 13 of 15 ( Start time: 05:28:44 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Determining how tasks are to be grouped is part of which management function?
Select correct option:

Planning
Leading
Controlling 
Organizing

Question # 14 of 15 ( Start time: 05:29:11 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following types of networks is most likely to promote accuracy?
Select correct option:

Chain
Direct 
Wheel
All-channel

Question # 15 of 15 ( Start time: 05:30:30 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Ahmed believes that men perform better in oral presentations than women. What shortcut has been used in this case?
Select correct option:

The halo effect
The contrast effect
Projection 
Stereotyping

MGT101 GDB Solution

Tuesday, June 29, 2010 Posted In Edit This

Consider the following transactions and JUST indicate which type of error is there in these transaction:


1) Good sold to Mr. Saad have been forgotten to record in the Sales Journal

2) Sale goods to Ali is wrongly debited to Uzair Account instead of Ali account.

3) Repair of any fixed asset has been wrongly debited to Fixed asset account.

4) Purchase of goods from Mr. Rizwan is wrongly credited to Mr. Farhan account.



Required:

You are just required to name the type of error in each transaction. No explanation is required from you. And also no entry is required. Just indicate the name of type of
error.

Your answer should be like this



1. Error of ____

2. Error of ____

3. Error of ____

4. Error of ____


Be specific and to the point. Only provide one line answer as given above.

Solution:-

1. Error of Omission

2. Error of Commission

3. Error of Principle

4. Error of Commission


Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks 

Fin622 Idea Assignment solution

Tuesday, June 29, 2010 Posted In Edit This



May
June
Balance opening
11500
3400
February
-------------------------------
-----------------------------
March
10500
------------------------------
April
29400
12600
May
12000
19600
June
------------------------
6000
Total cash inflow
63400
41600
Less disbursement
-60000
-45000
Net cash inflow -outflow
3400
-3400

March


Cash sales = 30%of total sales15000

Credit sales = 70% of total sales 35000

Recovery of credit sales in May = 30% of credit sales = 10500



April

Cash sales = 30% of total sales 18000

Credit sales = 42000

Recovery of credit sales in May = 70% of credit sales = 29400

Recovery of credit sales in June= 30% of credit sales = 12600



May

Cash sales = 30% of total sales 12000

Credit sales = 28000

Recovery or credit sales in June = 70% of credit sales = 19600



June

Cash sales = 30% of total sales 6000

Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks 

Spring 2010 Mid Term Result Announced

Tuesday, June 29, 2010 Posted In Edit This

Spring 2010 Mid Term Result Announced

The result of Spring 2010 Mid Term Examinations has been announced and published. The students are advised to check their LMS grade books.
 
NOTE:
Spring 2010 Final Term Examination will commence on 7th August 2010 for which the date sheet interface will be launched during the 2nd week of July 2010

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