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Phy101 GDB Solution

Friday, January 21, 2011 Posted In Edit This
At the moment in Pakistan, atmosphere is very chill. On one of such a chilly morning you can “see your breath”. Can you really? What are you actually seeing? Does this phenomenon depend on the temperature of the air, the humidity, or both? Explain.”

Solution:

The temperature of your body is 98.6 degrees fahrenheit. When you exhale, your breath is going from 98.6 degrees to the outside air, which, for all intents and purposes, is very low...say around 30 degrees fahrenheit (0 celsius).

Air at a colder temperature cannot hold as much water vapor in it as ai... 

The temperature of your body is 98.6 degrees fahrenheit. When you exhale, your breath is going from 98.6 degrees to the outside air, which, for all intents and purposes, is very low...say around 30 degrees fahrenheit (0 celsius).

Air at a colder temperature cannot hold as much water vapor in it as air at a higher temperature. If you take an HVAC class, you will use psychrometric tables where you can graph how much humidity is in the air at a given temperature, dry bulb/wet bulb temperatures, etc.

Whatever the absolute (not relative) humidity is at that higher temperature, in order for it to NOT drop out of the air (turn to fog, which is 'seeing your breath') the air at that colder temperature must be able to contain that water vapor. This can be represented by a horizontal line on a psychrometric chart.

If the colder air CANNOT hold that water vapor, it literally drops out of its gaseous form and turns to a liquid, where it tries to disperse into the air around it (and go back to its gaseous state) or condenses on a surface (window, your face, etc).

This phenomenon depends on the temperature of the air, as higher temperatures can hold more water vapor than colder temperatures.

This phenomenon depends on the humidity of the air...if the absolute humidity is very low at the high temperature, the cold air will be able to handle the humidity without it dropping out of phase. If the absolutely humidity is too high for that lower temperature, it will drop out of phase.

HRM627 GDB Solution

Friday, January 21, 2011 Posted In Edit This

Semester "Fall 2010"

"Human Resource Development (HRM627)"

This is to inform you that Graded Discussion Board (GDB) has been opened according to the following schedule
Schedule
Opening Date and Time:  19th January , 2011 At 12:01 A.M. (Mid-Night)
Closing Date and Time:  21stJanuary , 2011 At 11:59 P.M. (Mid-Night)
Note: No extra or bonus/grace period is available for attempting GDB.

Discussion Question:

Empowerment of women seems to be a red alert to men's leadership in Pakistan. Discuss?
Be precise while answering.
.................
SOLUTION:

Women empowerment is not limited to control over reproduction or financial independence only, rather it is a combination of literacy, employment and health. Women empowerment is an important and useful concept in the development of a community as it represents women as active agents rather than passive recipients of development policies.


A lot of studies conclude that if women are provided access to education, employment and health then they have more control and power over household decision making, improved child well-being, income, reduced fertility rates and increased resources. These studies have shown that women empowerment has a positive relation with the well-being of children and lead to the overall betterment of the family.



The Gender Gap Index (GGI) is used to measure the various dimensions of gender empowerment in Pakistan. GGI represents the level of inequality that exists between women and men through the gaps in different indicators, irrespective of our level of socio-economic development. 



The four pillars of the index are: economic participation and opportunity; educational attainment; political empowerment; and health and survival - the four important aspects of life. It does not matter whether there are many or few resources, it measures whether males and females have equal access to whatever is available in these four aspects.



The variables used in this researched article are literacy rate, labour force participation rate, net primary enrolment rate, net secondary enrolment rate and percentage of fully immunised children. The variable 'fully immunised children' is used as a proxy variable to female and male life expectancy for all provinces because the data for life expectancy for both genders is not available for all the provinces in Pakistan.



Now lets compare and analyse the sub-indices and the GGI for each of the province.

A critical analysis revealed that Sindh has the highest value for economic participation and opportunity sub-index, which is followed by NWFP, Balochistan and Punjab. Since Punjab has the lowest value, this means that this province has the maximum gender gap in economic participation and opportunity index. Sindh has a value of 0.5806 in economic participation and opportunity index which is followed by NWFP that is 0.3126. Balochistan has a value of 0.2512 and Punjab surprisingly has the lowest value in economic participation and education index i.e. 0.1748.
.......................
......................
Towards women’s empowerment

The touchstone of the morality of a nation or a society is the way it treats its women. Women are a vital segment of any society. Without their unhindered participation in all spheres of national life, no nation can march towards its cherished goals of economic, political and moral progress or aspire to earn a respectable place in the comity of nations. That perhaps is the yardstick by which the difference between the developed and the developing nations is assessed.

Viewed in the backdrop of this, the recent signing of the ‘Protection of Women from Harassment at Workplace Bill 2009′ by President Zardari has taken Pakistan one notch up on the moral plank in addition to all other accompanying benefits. The president speaking on the occasion rightly summed up the vision of the PPP government about the status of women in Pakistan in these words: “We have to create a Pakistan where the coming generations, my daughters, can be proud of the fact that they live as equals. We will make sure that those who wish to harm the ideology of the Quaid-i-Azam, which was for equality for men and women, shall not succeed.”

In a society which still continues to be haunted by the demon of obscurantism, the new legislation marks the beginning of a pragmatic and forward looking approach closer to the emerging social realities. With the growing number of women joining or aspiring to join the workforce in different spheres of national life, the problem of harassment of women in the workplace had also assumed alarming proportions. According to a survey conducted by an NGO, 80 per cent of working women in Pakistan at one time or another have faced this ordeal.

The issue was continuously being highlighted by women rights groups, NGOs working for improving the status of women, women legislators and members of the civil society. The PPP government which has an abiding commitment to the true emancipation of women could not remain oblivious to this snow-balling social phenomenon which infringed upon the dignity, self-respect and self-esteem of women and which also violated their human rights and acted as a deterrent towards their entering the workforce as men’s equals. Coming on the heels of the announcement by Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani for the setting up of the office of Ombudsman for Women and an amendment in Section 509 A of the Pakistan Penal Code that defines sexual harassment, the new legislation lays a solid foundation for ensuring a harassment-free working environment for women. 

This new legislative measure provides an excellent mechanism to deal with the issue. It puts the onus on the management of the organisations employing women to adopt a code of conduct and also to constitute a three-member inquiry committee, duly notified, to deal with harassment complaints. Their failure to comply with the legislation entails punitive action and financial penalties. The victims of sexual harassment can also seek redress of their complaints from the Ombudsman for Women, if they are not satisfied with the internal proceedings of the concerned organisation.

The legislation is a significant initiative on many counts. Firstly, it will encourage the already working women — who have been enduring the humiliation of sexual harassment in the absence of appropriate legal support — to spurn and resist unwanted approaches by their workmates or bosses and do their jobs with unruffled confidence. Secondly, it will also help mitigate the biggest hurdle in the way of women who were reluctant to join the workforce due to this phenomenon. Thirdly, it will greatly help in changing the mindset of sexual harassers of women. The legislation could act as a catalyst in nudging the process of a social and economic change. Women constitute nearly 51 per cent of our population and their uninhibited participation in economic activities can also give impetus to the efforts to eliminate poverty

The signing of the bill by the president, in the presence of the UN representatives, women rights activists, women parliamentarians, members of the civil society, federal and state ministers and other stakeholders indicates the uniqueness of this piece of legislation and the importance that the PPP government attaches to the issues related to the emancipation of Pakistani women. It also was an appropriate occasion to show to the world how we treat our women. It is encouraging to note that most of the NGOs and human rights organisations whose representatives attended the ceremony did acknowledge the commitment of the government in this regard and hailed the legislation as a historic move by the PPP government in regard to the protection of the rights of women. In fact it would not be an exaggeration to say that in the history of Pakistan, no other piece of legislation has provided protection to the workingwomen from sexual harassment.

The PPP government has also been working on another very important and sensitive issue, that of domestic violence. For years the issue of domestic violence has been a source of public concern, but no previous governments dared to touch it. The adoption of The Prevention of Domestic Violence Act 2008 in line with the National Policy of Empowerment of Women is yet another significant achievement of the present PPP government which supports a zero tolerance policy for violence against women. The courage shown by the government in bringing this nagging problem out of the private domain provides irrefutable testimony to an unswerving commitment of the government to deal with issues related to women. It also reinforces its credentials as an emancipator of the women.

Other steps that the PPP government has taken for the empowerment and redemption of equal status for women in society, in line with the vision of Shaheed Muhtarma Benazir Bhutto, include granting of complete administrative and financial autonomy to the National Commission on Status of Women and fixation of a 10 per cent quota for women in government jobs in addition to the initiation of the process to review all the discriminatory laws against women, declaring women as beneficiaries of the Benazir Income Support Scheme as well as of free distribution of state lands to female heads of households in the command areas of the dams to be built in the country.

The PPP endeavours for the emancipation of women in fact represent the continuation of the struggle launched by the stalwarts like Muhtarma Fatima Jinnah and Begum Rana Liaquat Ali Khan with which my late grandmother Begum Qamar Ispahani also had the privilege to be associated. Unfortunately, that process was severely disrupted due to the extremist ideology of Zia that resulted in promulgation of a number of discriminatory laws against women. The world however is witness to the fact that Shaheed Muhtarma Benazir Bhutto stood strong and unbowed and kept the flame of liberal thought alive. By doing so she helped protect Pakistan from the designs of the dictator, which were to change this nation into a theocratic state. Muhtarma’s struggle kept the torch of democracy, enlightenment and human rights aloft against all odds. Through her shahadat (martyrdom) she has imparted eternity to her vision about democracy and human rights in Pakistan. Inspired by Muhtarma’s vision, we continue to struggle for the empowerment of women.
.........................
.............................
The touchstone of the morality of a nation or a society is the way it treats its women. Women are a vital segment of any society. Without their unhindered participation in all spheres of national life, no nation can march towards its cherished goals of economic, political and moral progress or aspire to earn a respectable place in the comity of nations. That perhaps is the yardstick by which the difference between the developed and the developing nations is assessed.

Viewed in the backdrop of this, the recent signing of the ‘Protection of Women from Harassment at Workplace Bill 2009′ by President Zardari has taken Pakistan one notch up on the moral plank in addition to all other accompanying benefits. The president speaking on the occasion rightly summed up the vision of the PPP government about the status of women in Pakistan in these words: “We have to create a Pakistan where the coming generations, my daughters, can be proud of the fact that they live as equals. We will make sure that those who wish to harm the ideology of the Quaid-i-Azam, which was for equality for men and women, shall not succeed.”

In a society which still continues to be haunted by the demon of obscurantism, the new legislation marks the beginning of a pragmatic and forward looking approach closer to the emerging social realities. With the growing number of women joining or aspiring to join the workforce in different spheres of national life, the problem of harassment of women in the workplace had also assumed alarming proportions. According to a survey conducted by an NGO, 80 per cent of working women in Pakistan at one time or another have faced this ordeal.

The issue was continuously being highlighted by women rights groups, NGOs working for improving the status of women, women legislators and members of the civil society. The PPP government which has an abiding commitment to the true emancipation of women could not remain oblivious to this snow-balling social phenomenon which infringed upon the dignity, self-respect and self-esteem of women and which also violated their human rights and acted as a deterrent towards their entering the workforce as men’s equals. Coming on the heels of the announcement by Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani for the setting up of the office of Ombudsman for Women and an amendment in Section 509 A of the Pakistan Penal Code that defines sexual harassment, the new legislation lays a solid foundation for ensuring a harassment-free working environment for women. 

This new legislative measure provides an excellent mechanism to deal with the issue. It puts the onus on the management of the organisations employing women to adopt a code of conduct and also to constitute a three-member inquiry committee, duly notified, to deal with harassment complaints. Their failure to comply with the legislation entails punitive action and financial penalties. The victims of sexual harassment can also seek redress of their complaints from the Ombudsman for Women, if they are not satisfied with the internal proceedings of the concerned organisation.

The legislation is a significant initiative on many counts. Firstly, it will encourage the already working women — who have been enduring the humiliation of sexual harassment in the absence of appropriate legal support — to spurn and resist unwanted approaches by their workmates or bosses and do their jobs with unruffled confidence. Secondly, it will also help mitigate the biggest hurdle in the way of women who were reluctant to join the workforce due to this phenomenon. Thirdly, it will greatly help in changing the mindset of sexual harassers of women. The legislation could act as a catalyst in nudging the process of a social and economic change. Women constitute nearly 51 per cent of our population and their uninhibited participation in economic activities can also give impetus to the efforts to eliminate poverty

The signing of the bill by the president, in the presence of the UN representatives, women rights activists, women parliamentarians, members of the civil society, federal and state ministers and other stakeholders indicates the uniqueness of this piece of legislation and the importance that the PPP government attaches to the issues related to the emancipation of Pakistani women. It also was an appropriate occasion to show to the world how we treat our women. It is encouraging to note that most of the NGOs and human rights organisations whose representatives attended the ceremony did acknowledge the commitment of the government in this regard and hailed the legislation as a historic move by the PPP government in regard to the protection of the rights of women. In fact it would not be an exaggeration to say that in the history of Pakistan, no other piece of legislation has provided protection to the workingwomen from sexual harassment.

The PPP government has also been working on another very important and sensitive issue, that of domestic violence. For years the issue of domestic violence has been a source of public concern, but no previous governments dared to touch it. The adoption of The Prevention of Domestic Violence Act 2008 in line with the National Policy of Empowerment of Women is yet another significant achievement of the present PPP government which supports a zero tolerance policy for violence against women. The courage shown by the government in bringing this nagging problem out of the private domain provides irrefutable testimony to an unswerving commitment of the government to deal with issues related to women. It also reinforces its credentials as an emancipator of the women.

Other steps that the PPP government has taken for the empowerment and redemption of equal status for women in society, in line with the vision of Shaheed Muhtarma Benazir Bhutto, include granting of complete administrative and financial autonomy to the National Commission on Status of Women and fixation of a 10 per cent quota for women in government jobs in addition to the initiation of the process to review all the discriminatory laws against women, declaring women as beneficiaries of the Benazir Income Support Scheme as well as of free distribution of state lands to female heads of households in the command areas of the dams to be built in the country.

The PPP endeavours for the emancipation of women in fact represent the continuation of the struggle launched by the stalwarts like Muhtarma Fatima Jinnah and Begum Rana Liaquat Ali Khan with which my late grandmother Begum Qamar Ispahani also had the privilege to be associated. Unfortunately, that process was severely disrupted due to the extremist ideology of Zia that resulted in promulgation of a number of discriminatory laws against women. The world however is witness to the fact that Shaheed Muhtarma Benazir Bhutto stood strong and unbowed and kept the flame of liberal thought alive. By doing so she helped protect Pakistan from the designs of the dictator, which were to change this nation into a theocratic state. Muhtarma’s struggle kept the torch of democracy, enlightenment and human rights aloft against all odds. Through her shahadat (martyrdom) she has imparted eternity to her vision about democracy and human rights in Pakistan. Inspired by Muhtarma’s vision, we continue to struggle for the empowerment of women.

Mgt604 GDB Solution

Friday, January 21, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Semester “Fall 2010”
“Management of Financial Institutions (MGT 604)”


This is to inform that Graded Discussion Board (GDB) will be opened according to the following schedule.



Schedule



Opening Date and Time : 
January 19 , 2011At 12:01 A.M. (Mid-Night)

Closing Date and Time : 
January 21 , 2011 At 11:59 P.M. (Mid-Night)



“Discussion Question”


State Bank of Pakistan has to implement contractionary monetary policy. Discuss how open market operation, one of important tools of monetary policy cab be used in contractionary monetary policy.

...............
SOLUTION:

Monetary policy can be used in contractionary monetary policy through different ways such as selling Govt. securities and increasing reserve requirement.

Contractionary monetary policy is monetary policy that seeks to reduce the size of the money supply. In most nations, monetary policy is controlled by either a central bank or a finance ministry.

Contractionary actions include increasing banks' reserve requirements, which reduces the amount of money available for lending, and increasing the discount rate, which makes it more costly for banks to fall short of reserve requirements, leading them to engage in less lending. These actions raise interest rates, making borrowing more costly.

Contractionary monetary policy is monetary policy that tends to raise interest rates and lower income. An example of contractionary monetary policy is the Federal Reserve Board selling bonds- banks buy the bonds and their liquid currency (M1,in this case cash) turns into a less liquid form (M2, in this case the bonds). Contractionary monetary policy is used to decrease the money supply (banks have less in reserve, so they can lend less out), increase the interest rate (supply of money drops, demand stays the same, so price of money, or the interest rate rises), decrease investment (interest rates are higher) and thereby decrease income and output. Inflation can be combatted either with monetary or with fiscal policy.

Mth202 Assignment No. 5 Solution

Friday, January 21, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Assignment 5 Of MTH202 (Fall 2010)
Maximum Marks: 15                                                                                       
Due Date: January 24, 2011

DON’T MISS THESE: Important instructions before attempting the solution of this assignment:
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Question 1;                                                                                                            Mark: 05
Let A and B are subsets of U with n(U) = 200, n(A) = 30, n(B) = 90 and
n() = 120. Find n().

Question 2;                                                                                                          Marks: 04
In how many ways can six different books be arranged on a shelf?

Question 3;                                                                                                          Marks: 06
A pair of fair dice is rolled once. Find the probability that the sum of dots on the faces is 9.
....................
SOLUTION:

Question # 01

Let A and B are subsets of U with n (U) = 200, n (A) = 30, n (B) = 90 and
A
/
)
( UB
AB
∩

n(

Solution:

(A U B)´ = U \ (A U B)
∪
∪
n ((A B) ´) = n (U) – n (A
B)
∪
120 = 200 – n (A
B)
∪
n (A
B) = 200 – 120 = 80

Now by applying inclusion exclusion principle
∪
∩
n (A
B) = n (A) + n (B) – n (A B)
∩
80 = 30 + 90 - n (A B)
∩
n (A B) = 30 + 90 – 80 = 40

Question # 02

In how many ways can six different books be arranged on a shelf?

Solution:

) = 120. Find n (

).

We seek the no. of ways in which six different can be arranged on a shelf.

So

=
!=
xxxxx
11
6654321

720

Therefore six different books can arranged on a shelf in 720 different ways.

Question # 03

A pair of fair dice is rolled once. Find the probability that the sum of dots on the faces is 9.

Solution:

When a pair of dice is rolled its sample space S has 36 outcomes

S = {(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)

(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)

(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6)

(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6)

(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)

(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6)}

Suppose E is the event that the sum of dots on faces is 9.

E = { (3, 6) (4, 5) (5, 4) (6, 3)}

So

===
nS
pE
nE
()369
()
()41

Complete

CS301 Assignment No. 4 Solution

Friday, January 21, 2011 Edit This
Assignment No. 04
SEMESTER Fall 2010
CS301- Data Structure


Total Marks: 15

Due Date: 24/01/2011


Question:  

                                                                     

Write a program in c++ that takes any no of elements through command prompt from user and saves it in an array. Then convert it into sorted format with minimum heap sort using your own coded implementation.

  

Note: You can't use built-in library function or templates for heap functions. All the source code should be written manually.

Solution:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

void restoreHup(int*,int);
void restoreHdown(int*,int,int);

void main()
{
int a[20],n,i,j,k;
printf("
Enter the number of elements to sort : ");
scanf("%d",&n);

printf("
Enter the elements : 
");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
restoreHup(a,i);
}


j=n;
for(i=1;i<=j;i++)
{
int temp;
temp=a[1];
a[1]=a[n];
a[n]=temp;
n--;
restoreHdown(a,1,n);
}

n=j;

printf("
Here is it...
");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
printf("%4d",a[i]);
}



void restoreHup(int *a,int i)
{
int v=a[i];

while((i>1)&&(a[i/2]<v))
{
a[i]=a[i/2];
i=i/2;
}
a[i]=v;
}

void restoreHdown(int *a,int i,int n)
{
int v=a[i];
int j=i*2;
while(j<=n)
{
if((j<n)&&(a[j]<a[j+1]))
j++;
if(a[j]<a[j/2]) break;

a[j/2]=a[j];
j=j*2;
}
a[j/2]=v;
}

CS301 Assignment No. 4 announced

Friday, January 21, 2011 Edit This

Assignment No. 04
SEMESTER Fall 2010
CS301- Data Structure


Total Marks: 15

Due Date: 24/01/2011


Question:  

                                                                     

Write a program in c++ that takes any no of elements through command prompt from user and saves it in an array. Then convert it into sorted format with minimum heap sort using your own coded implementation.

  

Note: You can't use built-in library function or templates for heap functions. All the source code should be written manually.

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