Question: 

Election commission of Pakistan had divided the whole Punjab province in 279 constituencies for the voting of Members of Provincial Assembly in previous general elections. The voting turnout was observed as an average of 47.5%. The proportion of rural voters is greater than that of urban voters.The purpose of the study is to find out the factors and perceptions that affect the participation of a voter in elections. The target population is the voters who cast vote for the selection of the Members of Provincial Assembly in Punjab.
A famous research organization is mostly conducting research in the socio-economic issues. That research organization wants to conduct a study on the voting behavior of the people in the previous general elections in Punjab. Voting behavior is a set of attitudes, beliefs and sentiments towards election.

Requirement:
1. Which sampling technique is appropriate in this particular research? Explain your answer.
 2. Suggest the appropriate data collection tool that can be used by the research organization. Give the solid rationale for your answer.

Solution:
1. Which sampling technique is appropriate in this particular research? Explain your answer.
This case study shows that the research is base on the historical data but its main focus on the behaviour of the people such as attitudes, beliefs and sentiments all of these shows that in this research onle  "Qualitative method" is suitable for research because of many reasons such as:

•  According to the Max Weber Qualitative approach is the behavioral sciences.
• The aim is to explain behaviour and attitudes by developing a discussion
• By using this technique getting people to talk through in their own words how they see a particular idea.
• Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. 
• it based on the specific area that is PUNJAB

2. Suggest the appropriate data collection tool that can be used by the research organization. Give the solid rationale for your answer.

        
    In this research the data collection tools is used:

• Using available information tool
• Observation

1. As we know that the research is bassed on the larger scale and based on the previous data so for such type of research we can use the  Available information that has already been collected by others.
2. OBSERVATION is a technique that involves systematically selecting, watching and recording behaviour You can aslo use this tool but as we know that this method is based on the smaal scale so it become very difficult to conduct observation of each individual so according to my point of view the available information is perfect

Solution

 Pros.

There are many business pros to N-Tier Architecture. For example, a small business can begin running all tiers on a single machine. As traffic and business increases, each tier can be expanded and moved to its own machine and then clustered. This is just one example of how N-Tier Architecture improves scalability and supports cost-efficient application building. 

N-Tier model also make applications more readable and reusable. It reduces the amount of spaghetti code. Custom tag libraries and EJBs are easier to port to readable applications in well-maintained templates. Reusability multiplies developer productivity and improves application maintainability. It is an important feature in web applications. 

N-Tier Architectures make application more robust because there is no single point of failure. Tiers function with relative independence. For example, if a business changes database vendors, they just have to replace the data tier and adjust the integration tier to any changes that affect it. The business logic tier and the presentation tier remain unchanged. Likewise, if the presentation layer changes, this will not affect the integration or data layer. In 3-Tier Architecture all the layers exist in one and affect each other. A developer would have to pick through the entire application code to implement any changes. Again, well-designed modules allow for applications or pieces of applications to be customized and used across modules or even projects. Reusability is particularly important in web applications. 

As demonstrated N-Tier Architecture offers innovations in the standard Client-Server technology that spawned the Internet itself. It is but one of many web application frameworks. These are used to develop dynamic web sites, web applications or web services. They provide database access libraries, templates, and, as previously stated code re-use. Most web application frameworks follow the Model View Controller (MVC) which separate the user interface, the business rules and the data model. They provide authentication and authorization to provide security. This allows the web server to restrict user access based on pre-determined criteria. Web application frameworks also provide a unified API (Application programming Interface). This allows web application to work with various databases without requiring any code change. These frameworks also maintain a web template system.

Cons.

Single layer architectures do not adapt to changes very easily. Often a minor change in technology or requirements will result in a major rewrite of large portions of the application.

Since the design is more complex than the single or two layer design, the implementation will also be more complex. When compared to pure VFP single layered design data access performance may be affected. Because of the nature of the data access mechanisms the presentation layer’s user interface design may be affected.

Creates an increased need for network traffic management, server load balancing, and fault tolerance. 

Current tools are relatively immature and are more complex. 

Maintenance tools are currently inadequate for maintaining server libraries. This is a potential obstacle for simplifying maintenance and promoting code reuse throughout the organization

Assignment No. 02 Marks: 30

“Assignment # 02”
A famous research organization is mostly conducting research in the socio-economic issues. That research organization wants to conduct a study on the voting behavior of the people in the previous general elections in Punjab. Voting behavior is a set of attitudes, beliefs and sentiments towards election. The purpose of the study is to find out the factors and perceptions that affect the participation of a voter in elections. The target population is the voters who cast vote for the selection of the Members of Provincial Assembly in Punjab. Election commission of Pakistan had divided the whole Punjab province in 279 constituencies for the voting of Members of Provincial Assembly in previous general elections. The voting turnout was observed as an average of 47.5%. The proportion of rural voters is greater than that of urban voters.

1. Which sampling technique is appropriate in this particular research? Explain your answer.
Solution:
This case study shows that the research is base on the historical data but its main focus on the behavior of the people such as attitudes, beliefs and sentiments all of these shows that in this research onle "Qualitative method" is suitable for research because of many reasons such as:
According to the Max Weber Qualitative approach is the behavioral sciences.
The aim is to explain behavior and attitudes by developing a discussion
By using this technique getting people to talk through in their own words how they see a particular idea.
Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior.
it based on the specific area that is PUNJAB
 

2. Suggest the appropriate data collection tool that can be used by the research organization. Give the solid rationale for your answer.
Solution:
In this research the data collection tools is used:
Using available information tool
Observation
As we know that the research is based on the larger scale and based on the previous data so for such type of research we can use the Available information that has already been collected by others.
OBSERVATION is a technique that involves systematically selecting, watching and recording behavior You can also use this tool but as we know that this method is based on the small scale so it become very difficult to conduct observation of each individual so according to my point of view the available information is perfect

Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks 

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Question # 1 of 10 ( Start time: 05:08:46 PM )
Total Marks: 1
The pattern movement became very quiet until ------------- when patterns appeared again at an OOPSLA conference.
Select correct option:
1987
1988
1962
1995
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Question # 2 of 10 ( Start time: 05:09:52 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Which piece of code is self-documented?
Select correct option:
if (x==0) // this is the case when we are allocating a new number
if (AllocFlag == 0)
If (AllocFlag == NEW_NUMBER)
None of the given
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Question # 3 of 10 ( Start time: 05:11:13 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Variables should be initialized where they are ------and they should be declared in the ------scope possible.
Select correct option:
defined and smallest
declared and medium
defined and medium
declared and smallest
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79
sec(s)
Question # 4 of 10 ( Start time: 05:11:55 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Complex expressions should be broken down into multiple statements. Select the correct one *x += (*xp=(2*k < (n-m) ? c[k+1] : d[k--]));
Select correct option:
if (2*k < n-m) *xp = c[k+1]; else *xp = d[k--]; *x = *x + *xp;
if (2*k <= n-m) *xp = c[k+1]; *xp = d[k--]; *x = *x + *xp;
if (2*k < n-m) *xp = d[k--]; else *xp = c[k+1]; *x = *x + *xp;
None of the given
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88
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Question # 5 of 10 ( Start time: 05:13:12 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Goto statements violates the idea of
Select correct option:
object oriented code
structured code
control structure
repetition structure
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sec(s)
Question # 5 of 10 ( Start time: 05:13:12 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Goto statements violates the idea of
Select correct option:
object oriented code
structured code
control structure
repetition structure
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86
sec(s)
Question # 6 of 10 ( Start time: 05:14:11 PM )
Total Marks: 1
in the case of zero-install, the network environment is used to ---------server side processing by adding a number of servers which share processing load.
Select correct option:
Distribute
Centeralize
shift
None of the above
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84
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Question # 7 of 10 ( Start time: 05:15:14 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Which one is the is the most desirable quality of a software artifact.
Select correct option:
Reliability
Performance
Maintainability
All of the given
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Question # 8 of 10 ( Start time: 05:16:37 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Which of these is a graphical notation for depicting procedural detail?
Select correct option:
box diagram
decision table
ER diagram
graph matrix
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Question # 9 of 10 ( Start time: 05:18:25 PM )
Total Marks: 1
A decision table should be used
Select correct option:
to document all conditional statements
to guide the development of the project management plan
only when building an expert system
when a complex set of conditions and actions appears in a component
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Question # 10 of 10 ( Start time: 05:19:09 PM )
Total Marks: 1
N-tier architecture stems from the struggle to find a -----------between the fatclient architecture and the thin-client architecture.
Select correct option:
Concurrency
Concurrency
Middle ground
Similarity
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