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cs615 VU Current Assignment No. 3 Fall 2011 solution

Tuesday, December 27, 2011 Posted In Edit This
CS 615 assignments Solution

People are managed through an organizational structure. This hierarchical structure is based on the four cornerstones of management:
– Delegation
– Authority
– Responsibility
– Supervision.
Delegation bestows authority, and authority produces (and requires) responsibility. Both authority and responsibility require supervision, and effective supervision requires a suitable organizational structure:

Organization as a System
It helps to think of organizations are systems.
Simply put, a system is an organized collection of parts that are highly integrated in order to accomplish an overall goal. (Page 194)
Systems have inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes. To explain, inputs to the system include resources such as raw materials, money, technologies and people.

These inputs go through a process where they're aligned, moved along and carefully coordinated, ultimately to achieve the goals set for the system. Outputs are tangible results produced by processes in the system, such as products or services for consumers.
The organization is depicted by its organizational charts, job descriptions, marketing materials, etc.
The organizational system is also maintained or controlled by policies and procedures, budgets, information management systems, quality management systems, performance review systems, etc.



Structural Dimensions

The organization's structure, or design, is the overall arrangement of the organization's various roles, processes and their relationships in the organization.
The design of an organization is a means to accomplishing the organization's overall goal - the structure is not an end in itself.
In systems theory terms, the design ensures that the appropriate inputs go through the necessary processes to produce the required outputs to produce the intended outcomes.
􀂃 Centralization -the extent to which functions are dispersed in the organization, either in terms of integration with other functions or geographically
􀂃 Formalization - regarding the extent of policies and procedures in the organization
􀂃 Hierarchy - regarding the extent and configuration of levels in the structure
􀂃 Routinization - regarding the extent that organizational processes are standardized
􀂃 Specialization - regarding the extent to which activities are refined
􀂃 Training - regarding the extent of activities to equip organization members with knowledge and skills to carry out their roles.

Traditional Structures of Business Organization (Also see the page number 197 of handouts)

A little description related to the topic just read it:

Description of how new system is to be developed
– Technologies
– In House vs. Consultants
– Derivatives of existing (i.e. use existing object model)
– Architectural Layout – Layers



8. Communications management plan

A communications management plan is a document that provides:
A collection and filing structure that details what methods will be used to gather and store various types of information. Procedures should also cover collecting and disseminating updates and corrections to previously distributed material.

A distribution structure that, details to whom information (status reports, data, schedule, technical documentation, etc.) will flow, and what methods (written reports, meetings, etc.) will be used to distribute various types of information. This structure must be compatible with the responsibilities and reporting relationships described by the project organization chart.

A description of the information to be distributed, including format, content, level of detail, and conventions/definitions to be used.
Production schedules showing when each type of communication will be produced.

Methods for accessing information between scheduled communications.

A method for updating and refining the communications management plan as the project progresses and develops. The communications management plan may be formal or informal, highly detailed or broadly framed, based on the needs of the project. It is a subsidiary component of the overall project plan.

CS504 VU Current Assignment No. 3 Fall 2011

Tuesday, December 27, 2011 Posted In Edit This
you may take this solution from www.vusolutions.com as well

Question: [marks 10+10]
Consider a community website e.g. Facebook.com, which the people from different communities can use to share their status, videos, images, articles etc. with each other.

To use the website a person must be registered member, and for registration the user must have an email address on Gmail, Yahoo or Hotmail (But no other domain).

After registration the person becomes the member of the community, and can share anything with his/her friends.

However to make a friend he/she can have two options:
1) He/she can use the search service provided by the website to search friends (already members of the site), to which he sends the “friend request”, after that person (to whom the request was sent) accepts the request, they both become friends and can share anything with each other.
2) Secondly he/she can select the option “Find friends using email contacts”. In this case the system fetches the contact list from his email account; requests are automatically sent to the persons that are already added in his/her email contacts (and are also the member of this community website). When all these members accept requests they become friends of the requester and can share anything with him/her.

Keeping in mind the Krutchen’s 4+1 architectural view model, develop diagrams to represent (at least one diagram for each):
1) Implementation view (Also called Development View or Code view)
2) Deployment View (Also called Physical view)
Note: you can use any notations and any software to draw the diagrams. For further concepts about Architectural Views, please revise Lecture no. 23

Deployment View:
The deployment view / physical view describe how the system is deployed in terms of its hardware resources [1]

Here in above diagram:
Client PC: is the any client system (desktop PC or mobile even) with a browser (client) application running on it. Members login to the registration server by providing their login information.
Registration Server: Registration server is the central database server (may be a mainframe system) with multiple processes (e.g. login validation and authentication process, contents management process, security related processes, external interface managers etc. etc.), running on it for overall operational site.
External / Remote Server: May be external server e.g. a Google server or Hotmail server etc. which is contacted by the internal (website registration server) through secure communication and interfaces to get needed information e.g. contact lists etc.
Implementation / Code View:
The code view is what a programmer sees. Thus the components of this view are things like classes, objects, procedures, and functions and their abstraction/composition into things like subsystems, layers and modules [1]. For the sake of simplicity we present a top level view of system in terms of main components and sub-components (up to first level only)


References :
[1] “Evaluating software Architectures: Methods and Case Studies”, by Paul Clements,
Rick Kazman, and Mark Klein. 2002 Addison-Wesley.

Mgt503 Assignment No. 2 fall 2011 Dec 2011 Solution

Tuesday, December 27, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Questions:
1. Based on your understanding and knowledge of the characteristics of well-designed goals, you are required to briefly state what is the problem with the objectives that have been set for the development team?

Solutions:
Well-designed goals are those that are clear as to a time frame, Challenging but attainable and Communicated to all organizational members.

Goals should reflect what the mission statement says.

Goals should be written in terms of outcomes and feedback may not give true picture of the outcomes.

As company develops application on the basis of customer feedback and requirements after each delivery, the customer’s feedback is taken as a measure of performance of the development team so this thought should be changed. Management should consider its time of proper inventory production and should not rely only on customer’s feedback as customer requirements are not clear and there is uncertainty about requirements and, and the team required more time to clarify necessary issues. 

Management didn’t consider its time frame and gave priority to customer’s feedback which may not be the proper controller of the production and also the customer’s requirement is not constant and it changes with the change of trends in the society.

2. Give two suggestions for how this issue can be resolved? Provide proper reasoning in favor of your suggestions.

Suggestion 1:
As feedback, quantified as the level of customer satisfaction, is tied to the development team’s pay for performance system and in case of low returns employees may not be compensated which can significantly harm or lower the level of satisfaction of employees which make the situation more worsen. 

Management should change its compensation program on temporary basis and shouldn’t confine it to the pay for performance system in order to keep employee’s morale high and to decrease turnover ratio.

Suggestion 2:
The greater the environmental uncertainty, the more plans should be directional and emphasis placed on the short term. Goals must be clear keeping in mind the mission of the company.

1) When uncertainty is high, plans should be specific, but flexible.
2) Managers must be prepared to rework and amend plans, or even to abandon their plans Management should consider short-term efficiency and try to manage its workforce as high as possible. Management should re-design its goals considering its short-term profitability.

CS602 VU Midterm Papers Current Virtual University of Pakistan (www.vusolutions.com)

Thursday, December 08, 2011 Edit This
CS602 VU Midterm Papers Current Virtual University of Pakistan (www.vusolutions.com)

> Write down pseudo code or a function in C/C++, which will take Sx and Sy as parameters and scale points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) with respect to point (xf , yf ).(5)

> Can we fragment a polygon into several polygons in polygon clipping? Give reasons to support your answer. (3)

> How Orthographical projection is characterized and what is meant by term oblique parallel projection? (3)

> Both the Cohen Sutherland and the Liang Barsky algorithms can be extended to three-dimensional clipping. The given statement either right or wrong, give comment?(2)

> Write down the types of axonometric projections. (2)

> Give the case in which Boundary Filling Algorithm can not work? (2)

Mgt401 VU Midterm Current Papers of Virtual University of Pakistan (www.vusolutions.com)

Thursday, December 08, 2011 Edit This
Mgt401 VU Midterm Current Papers of Virtual University of Pakistan (www.vusolutions.com)

1 Briefly discuss (5)
Historical cost
Current cost
Realizable value

2 Write down the component of financial statement with respect to the IASB FRAMEWORK..(3)

3 If balance janurary (1, 2008) 100 units,9 Rs per unit

Jan 1 received 100 units,8 Rs per unit

Jan 3 issued 100 units 

Then calculate the value of inventories of January 3,2008 using weighted average method.(5)

4 question yaad nhi

Pak301 VU Midterm Current Papers Fall 2011 of Virtual University of Paksitan (www.vusolutions.com)

Sunday, December 04, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Pak301 VU Midterm Current Papers Fall 2011 of Virtual University of Paksitan (www.vusolutions.com)

How was the response of Muslim League over Cabinet Mission Plan, 1946? 2 Marks
Shortly explain the Third Roundtable Conference (1932). 2 Marks
Write down the names of the members of the Simla Deputation. 2 Marks
Briefly discuss the views of Chaudhry Rehmet Ali for the State of Pakistan. 3 Marks
Shortly explain the division of military assets between India and Pakistan after Independence. 3 Marks
Draw attention towards the Jallianwala Bagh Incident (1919). 5 Marks
Point out the main features Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, 1919. 5 Marks

Mkt630 VU Midterm Current Papers Fall 2011 of Virtual University of Paksitan (www.vusolutions.com)

Sunday, December 04, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Mkt630 VU Midterm Current Papers Fall 2011 of Virtual University of Paksitan (www.vusolutions.com)

22 mcqz .....17 was from past papers
questions was 2 much conceptual and complicated
related to primary data,factors to expand a brand/product in an other country

Another:

1 )about primary data
2) factors to expand a brand in new global market
3)why government interfere in defence law ????? istrah ka question tha
4)difference b/w open end and close end questions.
5)last wala ajib sa tha

ya paper international marketing ka kam or research method ka ziada lag raha tha :D :p



Another:

objective questions:
total 22 objective questions
almost 16-17 objective questions were from past papers 

subjective questions:

total 5 questions
Compare and contrast closed-end questions and open-end questions for gathering data. 
Differentiate these two terms with at least one (5 marks)

define fixed exchange system and flexible exchange system and their characteristics (5 marks)

3 questions were of 3,3,3 marks and based on concepts.there were scenario and then the solution was required.

Mkt624 VU Midterm Current Papers Fall 2011 of Virtual University of Paksitan (www.vusolutions.com)

Sunday, December 04, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Mkt624 VU Midterm Current Papers Fall 2011 of Virtual University of Paksitan (www.vusolutions.com)

total 27 questions.
22 objective questions.
only 3-4 questions were from past papers Sad
all other mcqs were new..

subjective questions:
3 questions of 3,3,3 marks 
2 questions of 5,5 marks

1.why brand extension is better instead of launching new brand? (5 marks)
2.define need based segmentation and its examples?(5 marks)
3.discuss in what situations brand extension is necessary?give example of
each situation.(3 marks)
4.wht are the positions discussed by scot davis? (3 marks)
5.one more question from scot.davis theory (3marks)

Mgt501 VU Midterm Current Papers Fall 2011 of Virtual University of Paksitan (www.vusolutions.com)

Sunday, December 04, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Mgt501 VU Midterm Current Papers Fall 2011 of Virtual University of Paksitan (www.vusolutions.com)

Total mcqs =28
25 mcqs from old papers
------------------
Subjective
1 -Early mojrity customers. (3 marks)
2- Function decision (3 marks)
3-Commercialization (5 marks)

Another:

32 questions................
28 mcqs.........90% from past papers...........

long questions......
2 of 3 marks.............
2 of 5 marks.............

what is difference between pricing and promotion of convenience and shopping products?
why picing is more important and more difficult?
conjoint analysis?

Mgt613 VU Midterm Current Papers Fall 2011 of Virtual University of Paksitan (www.vusolutions.com)

Sunday, December 04, 2011 Posted In Edit This
Mgt613 VU Midterm Current Papers Fall 2011 of Virtual University of Paksitan (www.vusolutions.com)

Question No: 41 (Marks: 5)
Why some multinational corporations feel that globalization is not a good option?
The western worlds call these the disadvantages of Globalization, if an organization
decides to pack up its business and leave a host company.
Disadvantages to Globalization
The common disadvantages which lead to a MNC forgoing globalization includes.
 Handing over proprietary Technology to host countries.
 Political risks.
 Poor Employee (Managers and worker) skills.
 Slow customer response time.
 Effective communication between interfaces difficult
Managing Global Operations
When organizations become global they often end up paying a heavy price in terms of managing complex managerial issues and challenges.
 Host country languages
 Host Country Norms and Customs.
 Workforce management
 Unfamiliar laws and regulations.
 Unexpected Cost mix.

Question No: 42 (Marks: 5)
Do you perceive that operation management and operation research are the same concepts?
NO both concepts are different from each other; we can elaborate both in the following manner:
Operation Management:
Operations management is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and redesigning business operations in 

the production of goods and/or services. It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in 

terms of using as little resources as needed, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with 

managing the process that converts inputs (in the forms of materials, labor, and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods 

and/or services).
The relationship of operations management to senior management in commercial contexts can be compared to the relationship of 

line officers to the highest-level senior officers in military science. The highest-level officers shape the strategy and 

revise it over time, while the line officers make tactical decisions in support of carrying out the strategy.
Operation Research:
Operations research (also referred to as decision science or management science) is an interdisciplinary mathematical science 

that focuses on the effective use of technology by organizations. In contrast, many other science & engineering disciplines 

focus on technology giving secondary considerations to its use.
Employing techniques from other mathematical sciences — such as mathematical modeling, statistical analysis, and mathematical 

optimization — operations research arrives at optimal or near-optimal solutions to complex decision-making problems.
Because of its emphasis on human-technology interaction and because of its focus on practical applications, operations 

research has overlap with other disciplines, notably industrial engineering and management science, and draws on psychology 

and organization science. Operations Research is often concerned with determining the maximum (of profit, performance, or 

yield) or minimum (of loss, risk, or cost) of some real-world objective.
Question No: 29 (Marks: 3)
Write down at least three ways of improving reliability of a system.
We should develop the ability to understand the importance of reliability and at
the same time identify the ways in which Reliability can be improved in the following
generic ways.
1. Component design: Parts of a car
2. Production/assembly techniques: No reworks also fool proof assembly.
3. Testing: for trouble free final product
4. Redundancy/backups: not possible all the time but common remedy.
5. Preventive maintenance procedures
6. User education (operating manuals)
7. System design (we will discuss in later chapters, a senior management issue, but
indicative that reliability is always considered VIP)
8. Research & Development (R&D) : Organized efforts to increase scientific
knowledge or product innovation & may involve:

Question No: 30 (Marks: 3)
What qualities does a successful job design contain?
A successful Job Design must have the following qualities
1. Carried out by experienced personnel who have the necessary training and
background.
2. Consistent with the goals of the organization.
3. in documented form.
4. Understood and agreed by both management and employees.
5. Shared with the new employees.
6. Factors that affect Job Design

.

Question No: 32 (Marks: 5)
"Standardization plays an important role in product design". How will you describe
this role?
Standardization is the extent to which there is an absence of variety in a product,
service or process. Standardized products are immediately available to customers. You
go to a market and request for a charger for your cellular phone, the shopkeeper would
ask for the model, make and deliver you as special product which is made by your cell
phone company or by an independent manufacturer, who provides a standardized
compatible model.
Question No: 29 (Marks: 3)
What are the reasons that support the use of process layout?
1. Product layouts are used to achieve a smooth and rapid flow of large volumes of goods
and customers through a system.
2. The work is divided into a series of standardized tasks, permitting specialization of
both labor and equipment.
3. The large volumes handled by these systems make it pertinent and necessary to
invest in equipment and job design.
4. Layouts should be arranged to make the best use of technological processing abilities
to fulfill the requirements of both product and services.
5. In manufacturing environments the lines are referred to as production lines or assembly
lines, depending on the type of activity involved.
6. In services side, the word line may or may not be used like Healthcare/Hospital
Services line, Carwash (absence of word line here) or Cafeteria Line.
7. Without standardization, many of the benefits of the repetitive processing are lost.
8. Product Layouts achieve a high degree of labor and equipment utilization, which tends
to offset their high equipment costs.
9. Operations are so closely tied up that a mechanical failure or high absenteeism (rains)
would increase vulnerability of the Systems.
10. We can prevent breakdowns if we religiously follow preventive maintenance
schedules, inspection and replacement of worn parts.

Question No: 30 (Marks: 3)
Suppose you are the operations manager of a manufacturing firm, why would you
perceive concurrent engineering as a suitable approach with reference to product
design?
Concurrent Engineering:
Concurrent engineering is the bringing together of engineering design and
manufacturing personnel early in the design phase.
Why Suitable Approach to product Design:
 Manufacturing Personnel are able to identify production capabilities and
capacities .They have thus the opportunity to inform the design group about the
suitability of certain materials on the flipsides the designer would know the
suitability of certain designs in aiding in cost reduction and quality improvement
in production/assembly process.
 Early opportunities for design or procurement of critical tooling, some of which
might have long lead times. This can result in a major shortening of the product
development process, which should be a key competitive advantage.
 Early consideration of the Technical Feasibility of a particular design or a portion
of a design. Again this can avoid serious problems during production. The
emphasis can be on problem resolution instead of conflict resolution.

Question No: 31 (Marks: 5)
Which process system would you suggest for the following business/industry?
French restaurants (Job Shop Process)
Heavy equipment (Batch Flow Process)
Sugar refinery (Continuous Flow Process)
Automobile assembly (Product layout)
Commercial printer (Job Shop Process)

Question No: 32 (Marks: 5)
In some organizations capacity planning takes place very regularly and in some it
takes place seldom. What are the factors that influence the frequency of capacity
planning?
FACTORS INFLUENCE THE FREQUENCY OF CAPACITY PLANNING:
1. Capacity strategy for long-term demand which focus on demand patterns and takes into
account growth rate and variability
2. Facilities that focus on cost of building and operating
3. Technological changes relate to rate and direction of technology changes
4. Behavior of competitors
5. Availability of capital and other inputs
Question No: 29 (Marks: 3)
Write down the characteristics of well designed service system?
1. A well designed system should be well versed with organization vision & mission.
2. It should cost effective
3. User friendly & sustainable.
4. It should have ability to make effective link between front & backend operations.
5. Accommodation of variable changes in future.
6. Simple requirements & handling few customer at every customer centre.

Question No: 30 (Marks: 3)
What qualities does a successful job design contain?
A successful job design contains following qualities.
1. Carried out by experience personal who have necessary training & background.
2. Consistent with goals of organization
3. Shared with new employees
4. In documented Form
5. Understood & agreed by both management & employees
6. Factors that affect job design.

Question No: 31 (Marks: 5)
Suppose you want to estimate the time required to perform a certain task by the two
employees. One employee's study yielded a mean of 6.4 minutes and standard
deviation of 2.1 minutes with 95% confidence Interval. Other employee's study
yielded a mean of 2.1 minutes and standard deviation of 6.4 minutes with confidence
interval of 95%. Now how many observations you will need if desired maximum
error is 10% of sample mean? (z= 1.96) Do both the employees have same number
of observations?
Employee # 1:
Mean time = X = 6.4mints
Standard Deviation = S = 2.1mint.
z = 1.96
Error = A = 10% = 0.1
n = (zs/ax) 2
= [(1.96) (2.1)/ (0.1) (6.4)] 2
= [4.116/0.64]2
= (6.43125)2
= 41.36
41 observations
Employee # 2:
Mean time = X = 2.1mints
Standard Deviation = S = 6.4mint.
z = 1.96
Error = A = 10% = 0.1
n = (zs/ax) 2
= [(1.96) (6.4)/ (0.1) (2.1)] 2
= [12.544/0.21]2
= (59.733)2
= 3568.03
3568 observations

Question No: 32 (Marks: 5)
In some organizations capacity planning takes place very regularly and in some it
takes place seldom. What are the factors that influence the frequency of capacity
planning?
FACTORS INFLUENCE THE FREQUENCY OF CAPACITY PLANNING:
1. Capacity strategy for long-term demand which focus on demand patterns and takes into
account growth rate and variability
2. Facilities that focus on cost of building and operating
3. Technological changes relate to rate and direction of technology changes
4. Behavior of competitors
5. Availability of capital and other inputs
Paper No. 05
Question No: 41 (Marks: 5)
What are some of the reasons that do not favor the use of process layout?
1. Creates dull, repetitive jobs.
2. Poorly skilled workers may not maintain equipment or quality of output of service.
3. Fairly inflexible to changes in volume.
4. Highly susceptible to shutdowns.
5. Needs preventive maintenance.
6. Individual incentive plans are impractical
Question No: 41 (Marks: 5)
Operations management does not work in isolation within an organization. How
would you relate marketing, finance and other functions to operations function?
Functions with in an Organization
 The Operations function consists of all activities that are directly related to
production of a good or service.
 Operations function exist in services like healthcare, Police, Traffic,
transportation, consultancy, food handling, restaurants etc.
 Operations function forms the core of all businesses.
Operations and Marketing
 Value addition refers to conversion of raw materials to finished goods or services.
 Value added often refers to the difference between the cost of the raw material
and the price of the finished good.
 The revenues from selling goods is used in betterment of existing product or
service or R &D, investment in new facilities and equipments
 Weeding out or eliminating non value adding operations. E.g. Storage of goods
which have been produced ahead of scheduled production, increases storage and
inventory costs. reducing storage cost would reduce transformation cost and thus
increase value addition
 Marketing relates to selling of a good or service of the organization through
advertising and pricing decisions.
 Marketing department assesses the customer's needs and communicate it to the
operations people on short term and design people on the long term basis.
 Operations people need information about demand over a short range in order
to purchase raw materials or manage inventory or schedule production
plan where as the design people need information to redesign or simply
sign new products or services.
 Marketing provides valuable information about the competitors customers needs
and communicate it to the operations people on short term and design people on
the long term basis.
Finance
 The finance function focuses on activities that relate to securing resources at
favorable prices and then allocating these resources through out the organization.
 Finance and Operation Personnel exchange information and expertise in the
following way
 Budgets
 Economic analysis of investment proposal
 Provision of funds

Question No: 42 (Marks: 5)
Calculate the exponential smoothing forecasts from the following data for the 6th
period with constant (alpha) 0.40.
Period No. of complaints
1 60
2 65
3 55
4 58
5 64
FORMULAE: Ft = Ft -1 + a (At-1 – Ft-1)
Ft = Coming timer period forecasting value
Ft-1 = 1 Past time forecasting value
a = Alpha Smoothing constant
At-1 = 1 Past time actual occurrence
At Period 1:
Ft = Ft -1 + a (At-1 – Ft-1)
Ft = 60 + 0.40 (0)
Ft = 60
At Period 02:
Ft = Ft -1 + a (At-1 – Ft-1)
Ft= 60 + 0.40 (60 – 60)
Ft = 60 + 0.40 (0)
Ft = 60
At Period 03:
Ft = Ft -1 + a (At-1 – Ft-1)
Ft= 60 + 0.40 (65 – 60)
Ft = 60 + 0.40 (5)
Ft = 60 +2
Ft = 62
At Period 04:
Ft = Ft -1 + a (At-1 – Ft-1)
Ft= 62 + 0.40 (55 – 62)
Ft = 62 + 0.40 (-7)
Ft = 62 – 2.8
Ft = 59.2
At Period 05:
Ft = Ft -1 + a (At-1 – Ft-1)
Ft= 59.2 + 0.40 (58 – 59.2)
Ft = 59.2 + 0.40 (-0.48)
Ft = 59.2 – 0.192
Ft = 59.008
At Period 06:
Ft = Ft -1 + a (At-1 – Ft-1)
Ft= 59.008 + 0.40 (64 – 59.008)
Ft= 59.008 + 0.40 (4.992)
Ft= 59.008 + 1.9968
Ft= 61.0048
Paper No. 09
Question No: 29 (Marks: 3)
How many multiple plant strategies are used in a company having multiple
manufacturing facilities?
Mostly following are the below given multiple manufacturing facilities are used
With combination in plant strategies;
• Product plant strategy
• Market area plant strategy
• Process plant strategy

Question No: 30 (Marks: 3)
What are the key steps involved in formulating a capacity planning strategy?
Following are the key steps involved in formulating a capacity planning strategy;
Steps for formulating a Capacity Planning Strategy
1. Estimate future capacity requirements
2. Evaluate existing capacity
3. Identify alternatives
4. Conduct financial analysis
5. Assess key qualitative issues
6. Select one alternative
7. Implement alternative chosen
8. Monitor results

Question No: 31 (Marks: 5)
Suppose you are the operations manager of ABC Corporation. To develop
competence in business operations, you have to decide either to rely on the facilities
available in-house or outsource.What are some of the factors you would base the
decision on?
Following are the factors which are available to us in order to decide whether to develop
a competence in house or outsource competent organization to supply that product,
service or particular expertise.
1. Available capacity if an organization has the equipment, necessary skills and
time, it often makes sense to produce an item or perform a service in house. The
additional costs would be relatively small compared with those required to buy
items or subcontract them.
2. Expertise. If a firm lacks the expertise to do a job satisfactorily, buying might be
a reasonable alternative.
3. Quality considerations. Firms that specialize can usually offer higher quality
than an organization can attain itself. Conversely, special quality requirements or
the ability to closely monitor quality may cause an organization to perform a job
itself.
4. Nature of demand. When demand for an item is high and steady, the
organization is often better off doing the work itself. However, wide fluctuations
in demand or small orders are usually better handled by specialists, who are able
to combine orders from multiple sources, which results in higher volume and tend
to offset individual buyer fluctuation.
5. Cost. Any cost savings achieved from buying or making must be weighed against
the preceding factors. Cost savings might come from the item itself or from
transportation cost savings.
6. Risk. Outsourcing or buying the services carries risk; often companies retain
flexibility by carrying out certain critical activities in house and repetitive menial
activities through outsourcing.

Question No: 41 (Marks: 5)
Given the table:
Alternatives Possible future demand
Low (Rs.) High (Rs.)
Small facility 10,000 8,000
Medium facility 12,000 20,000
Large facility 18,000 15,000
Calculate Maximax, Laplace and Minimax regret?
Maximax:
Choose the Best maximum Value for MAXIMAX approach which is 20,000
Laplace:
Small facility = 10000+8000=18000/2 =9000
Medium facility = 12000+20000 = 32000/2 = 16000
Large facility = 18000+15000 = 33000/2= 16500
So the Best Possible average is 16500 Laplace.
Minimax:
The minimum Amount is Rs. 8000

Question No: 42 (Marks: 5)
Suppose you are working as an operation manager in an automobile company. Your
company wants to move its manufacturing plant from one location to other location.
What factors will affect the location decision according to your point of view?
Factors Affecting Location Decisions
The process of determining a geographic site for firms operations takes into
account both manufacturing and marketing aspects. We just focus on the
manufacturing aspects as it's more closely related to Operations Management
Manufacturing
 Favorable Labor Climate
 Proximity to markets.
 Quality of Life
 Proximity of Suppliers and Resources.
 Proximity to the Parent Company's facilities.
 Utilities, Taxes and Real estate costs.
 Other factors ( expansion, construction costs, and location near the highway or
main railways)
Paper No. 12

Question No: 41 (Marks: 5)
How would you reveal the usefulness of naive forecasts?
 Naive forecasting (NF) techniques are quantitative forecasting tools that use only
the historical data of the variable being forecasted in the analysis. Therefore, all
other influences that may impact on the variable are excluded from the analysis
and the forecast.
 NF provides a convenient way to generate quick and easy forecasts for the short
time horizon.
 Forecast is not affected by environment.
 The forecast will miss turning points.
Question No: 41 (Marks: 5)
ABC Corporation has planned to purchase a new machine. Total annual fixed cost
is Rs. 15,000: variable cost is Rs. 5 per unit and revenue is Rs. 7 per unit.
•What would be the break even point?
•What would be the breakeven point if variable cost gets increased by 10%, revenue
decreased by 10% and fixed remains same?
Part A:
Q=Fixed Cost/ Revenue – Variable Cost
Q =15000/7.5
Q =7500 units
Part B:
Q = Fixed Cost/ Revenue – Variable Cost
Q =15000/7-0.7-(5+0.5)
Q =15000/6.3-5.5
Q =15000/0.8
Q =18750 units

Question No: 42 (Marks: 5)
What is demand management? Explain its various factors?
Demand Management:
Demand management is the process of cutting cost by influencing the quantity
and/or specification of the products and services you are procuring.
The following are the Factors of Demand Management:
 Finished Goods/Services
 Raw Material
 Component Parts
 Sub-Assemblies etc
Paper No. 14

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