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Like beauty, luck, and social position, charisma can open many doors in life. Unlike these other qualities, anyone can become more charismatic.

1. Improve your posture. Good posture will give the impression of self confidence (even if you don’t feel that way on the inside). While walking, maintain a relaxed yet definitive upright posture: spine long, shoulders back, head level with the ground. This may feel awkward or overpowering to you when you first practice it, but keep trying.
2. Relax the muscles in your face to the point where you have a natural, pleasant expression permanently engraved there. Face the world and show everyone you’re not afraid.
3. Make a connection. When your eyes come in contact with another person’s, nod and smile subtly with a subdued joy shining forth. Don’t worry about the other person’s reaction and don’t overdo it.
4. Remember people’s names when you meet them for the first time. This takes an enormous amount of effort for most people. Repeat the person’s name when stating your name to that person will help you to remember it better. For example: “Hi Jack, I’m Wendy.” Follow through with small talk and repeat the person’s name. Repeat it once more when you say goodbye. It’s not just about helping you to remember that person. The more you say a person’s name, the more that person will feel that you like them and the greater the chance they’ll warm up to you.
5. Be interested in people. If you meet a new acquaintance, for example a coworker, a classmate, a friend of a friend, etc. find out about their immediate family and interests. Be sure to ask after the names of family members and remember them. Be careful in that subject though you don’t want to be nosy. If you ask too much they will become uncomfortable. Also ask after their particular interests in life. These two topics will ensure much better small talk than just harping on about school or work. Most people don’t like to think about those things at social occasions unless they have to. Even if it is about networking, you should understand fully the worth of taking a break from talking shop. It is important to refrain from talking up about yourself. Be purely interested and impressed by the person with whom you are speaking.
6. Orient topics toward the audience. This means taking into account topics that interest those around you, even if you are not so keen on them. If you are in a sporty crowd, talk about last night’s game or the meteoric rise of a new team. If you are amongst a group of hobbyists, draw out their hobbies and make remarks related to fishing, knitting, mountain climbing, movies, etc. Nobody expects you to be an expert. It is your level of interest and willingness to engage in topics that makes you an interesting person to be around. Exercise an open mind. Let others do the explaining. If someone mistakenly thinks you know more about the topic, be genuine and simply say that your knowledge is limited but that you are hoping to learn more about it.
7. Praise others instead of gossiping. If you are talking with someone or you are talking in a group of people, and up pops the subject of another person in a positive or negative way, be the one to mention something you like about that person. Hearsay is the most powerful tool in gaining charm because it is always viewed as 100% sincere. It has the added benefit of creating trust in you. The idea will spread that you never have a bad word to say about anyone. Everyone will know that their reputation is safe with you.
8. Don’t Lie. A lie is something you say for which there is some direct evidence somewhere out there that contradicts it. If you tell Mary that you like Jane and Billy that you don’t like Jane, Mary and Billy will talk and your reputation will be ruined. No one will believe a word you say.
9. Issue compliments generously, especially to raise others’ self esteem. Try to pick out something that you appreciate in any situation and verbally express that appreciation. If you like something or someone, find a creative way to say it and say it immediately. If you wait too long, it may be viewed as insincere and badly timed, especially if others have beaten you to it. If you notice that someone is putting a lot of effort into something, compliment it, even if you feel that there is room for improvement. If you notice that someone has changed something about themselves haircut, manner of dress) notice it, and point out something you like about it. If you are asked directly, be charming and deflect the question with a very general compliment.
10. Be gracious in accepting compliments. Get out of the habit of assuming that the compliment is being given without genuine intent. Even when someone makes a compliment out of contempt, there is always a germ of jealous truth hiding in their own heart. Be effusive in accepting the compliment. Go beyond a mere “thank you” and enjoin this with “I’m glad you like it” or “It is so kind of you to have noticed.” These are “compliments in return.” Avoid backhanding a compliment. There is nothing worse to a person complimenting than to receive the response “Oh well I wish I was as ______ as you/that situation.” That is tantamount to saying, “No, I am not what you are saying I am, and your judgment is wrong.”
11. Control your tone of voice. The tone of your voice is crucial. Most people feel insecure somewhere inside and have an inability to accept praise. For this very reason, when you praise, do it subtly and glibly. When you say, “you look nice today” it should be in the exact same tone that you would use to say “it’s a nice day.” Any variation from your normal tone will arouse suspicion about your sincerity. Practice giving compliments into a recorder and play it back. Does it sound sincere? Practice until you get it right.. It might not sound right to you, in that case, ask someone for judgement.

Tips

• Developing charisma is an art. The general guidelines above can help you be more charismatic, but your charisma must come from within you and must reflect you as an individual or it will appear fake. Fortunately, everyone has the ability to be charismatic, and it simply needs to be coaxed out. Practice and take note of what works and what needs improvement.
• Don’t mimic others. People with well developed charisma have a remarkable ability not only to sway people’s opinions but also to cause others to emulate their personalities and even gestures. At the same time, however, research has shown that charismatic people do not emulate other charismatic people. Their individuality sets them apart.
• Have a message. Don’t be afraid to be controversial, to push the envelope. If you believe in something or feel strongly about it, communicate that in a respectful way. Your charisma will help people be accepting of your ideas.

“The real problem of leisure time is how to keep others from using yours.” - Arthur Lacey

Are there a hundred different things you wish you could do with your life someday — anything from exercising to meditation or yoga to writing that novel you always wished you could write to reading more to relaxing and watching the sunrise? But perhaps you never have the time, like most people.

The truth is, we all have the same amount of time, and it’s finite and in great demand. But some of us have made the time for doing the things we love doing, and others have allowed the constant demands and pressures and responsibilities of life to dictate their days.

It’s time to move from the second group back into the first. Reclaim your time. Create the life you want and make the most of the free time you lay claim to. It’s not hard, though it does take a little bit of effort and diligence.

Not all of these will be applicable to your life — choose the ones you can apply and give them a try:

1. Take a time out. Freeing up your time starts with taking a step back to take a good look at your life. You need to block off at least an hour. Several hours or half a day is better. A whole day would be awesome. A weekend would be even more ideal, though not necessary practical for many folks. With this block of time, take a look at your life with some perspective. Is it what you’ve always wanted? How would you get to where you’ve always wanted to be? What do you enjoy doing, but don’t have enough time to do? What things actually fill up your day? Are there things you could drop or minimize to make more time? We’ll look at some of these things in the following items, but it starts with taking a time out to think and plan.

2. Find your essentials. What is it that you love to do? Make a short list of 4-5 things. These are the things you want to make room for.

3. Find your time-wasters. What do you spend a lot of your time on that isn’t on your essential list? Take a close look at these things and really think about whether they’re necessary, or if there are ways to reduce, minimize or eliminate these things. Sometimes you do things because you assume they’re necessary, but if you give it some thought you can find ways to drop them from your life. Figure out what you do simply to waste time — maybe surfing certain sites, watching TV, talking a lot at the water cooler, etc. You’re going to want to minimize these time-wasters to make room for the more important stuff, the stuff that makes you happy and that you love to do.

4. Schedule the time. As you sit down and think about your life and what you want to do, versus what you actually do, you will be looking at ways to free up time. It’s crucial that you take a blank weekly schedule (you can just write it out on a piece of paper, or use your calendar) and assign blocks for the things you love — the stuff on your essentials list. If you want to exercise, for example, when will you do it? Put the blocks of time on your schedule, and make these blocks the most important appointments of your week. Schedule the rest of your life around these blocks.

5. Consolidate. There are many things you do, scattered throughout your day or your week, that you might be able to consolidate in order to save time. A good example is errands — instead of running one or two a day, do them all in one day to save time and gas. Another example is email, or any kind of communication — batch process your email instead of checking and reading and responding throughout the day. Same thing with meetings, paperwork, anything that you do regularly.

6. Cut out meetings. This isn’t possible for everyone, but in my experience meetings take up a lot of time to get across a little information, or to make easy decisions that could be made via email or phone. As much as you can, minimize the number of meetings you hold and attend. In some cases this might mean talking to your boss and telling her that you have other priorities, and asking to be excused. In other cases this might mean asking the people holding the meeting if you can get the info in other ways. If so, you’ve saved yourself an hour or so per meeting (sometimes more).

7. De clutter your schedule. If you have a heavily packed schedule, full of meetings and errands and tasks and projects and appointments, you’re going to want to weed it out so that it’s not so jam-packed. Find the stuff that’s not so essential and cancel them. Postpone other stuff. Leave big blank spaces in your schedule.

8. Re-think your routine. Often we get stuck in a routine that’s anything but what we really want our days to be like. Is there a better way of doing things? You’re the creator of your life — make a new routine that’s more pleasant, more optimal, more filled with things you love.

9. Cut back on email. I mentioned email in an earlier point above, regarding consolidating, but it’s such a major part of most people’s lives that it deserves special attention. How often do you check email? How much time do you spend composing emails? If you spend a major part of your work day on email, as many people do (and as I once did), you can free up a lot of time by reducing the time you spend in email. Now, this won’t work for everyone, but it can work for many people: choose 2-3 key times during the day to process your inbox to empty, and keep your responses to 5 sentences.

10. Learn to say no. If you say “yes” to every request, you will never have any free time. Get super protective about your time, and say “no” to everything but the essential requests.

11. Keep your list to 3. When you make out your daily to-do list, just list the three Most Important Tasks you want to accomplish today. Don’t make a laundry list of tasks, or you’ll fill up all your free time. By keeping your task list small, but populated only by important tasks, you ensure that you are getting the important stuff done but not overloading yourself.

12. Do your Biggest Rock first. Of the three Most Important Tasks you choose for the day, pick the biggest one, or the one you’re dreading most, and do that first. Otherwise you’ll put that off as much as possible and fill your day with less important things. Don’t allow yourself to check email until that Big Rock is taken care of. It starts your day with a sense of major accomplishment, and leaves you with a lot of free time the rest of the day, because the most important thing is already done.

13. Delegate. If you have subordinates or coworkers who can do a task or project, try to delegate it. Don’t feel like you need to do everything yourself. If necessary, spend a little time training the person to whom you’re delegating the task, but that little time spent training will pay off in a lot of time saved later. Delegating allows you to focus on the core tasks and projects you should be focusing on.

14. Cut out distractions. What is there around your workspace that distracts you from the task at hand? Sometimes it’s visual clutter, or papers lying around that call for your attention and action, or email or IM notifiers on your computer that pop up at the wrong time, or the phone, or coworkers. See if you can eliminate as many of these as possible — the more you can focus, the more effective you’ll be and the less time you’ll waste. That equals time saved for the good stuff.

15. Disconnect. The biggest of distractions, for most people, is the Internet. My most productive times are when I’m disconnected from the grid. Now, I’m not saying you need to be disconnected all the time, but if you really want to be able to effectively complete tasks, disconnect your Internet so you can really focus. Set certain times of the day for connectivity, and only connect during those periods.

16. Outsource. If you can’t delegate, see if you can outsource. With the Internet, we can connect with people from all over the world. I’ve outsourced many things, from small tasks to checking email to legal work to design and editing work and more. That allows me to focus on the things I’m best at, the things I love doing, and saves me a lot of time.

17. Make use of your mornings. I find that mornings are the absolute best times to schedule the things I really want to do. I run, read and write in the mornings — three of the four things on my Essentials List (spending time with family is the other thing on the list). Mornings are great because your day hasn’t been filled with a bunch of unscheduled, demanding, last-minute tasks that will push back those Essentials. For example, if you schedule something for late afternoon, by the time late afternoon rolls around, you might have a dozen other things newly added to your to-do list, and you’ll put off that late-afternoon Essential. Instead, schedule it for the morning, and it’ll rarely (if ever) get pushed back.

18. The Golden Right-after-work Time. Other than mornings, I find the time just after work to be an incredible time for doing Essential things. Exercise, for example, is great in the 5-o’clock hour, as is spending time with family, or doing anything else relaxing.

19. Your evenings. The time before you go to bed is also golden, as it exists every single day, and it’s usually completely yours to schedule. What do you want to do with this time? Read? Spend time with your kids? Work on a hobby you’re passionate about? Take advantage of this time.

20. Lunch breaks. If the three golden times mentioned above don’t work for you, lunch breaks are another good opportunity to schedule things. Some people like to exercise, or to take quiet times, during their lunch breaks. Others use this time to work on an important personal goal or project.

We spend a lot of time trying to find ways to be more productive. To do things faster, better, cheaper and spend our time more effectively. But instead of just doing more in less time, maybe we should focus on actually enjoying the work we’re doing instead.

Here are 8 ways to make work seem like less of a chore and more like a gift:

1. Follow your natural rhythms. A lot of the time I resent working is because I’m trying to force myself to do something I don’t feel like doing. Naturally there will always be some things you’re not crazy about doing (like cleaning the toilet). But how often do you force yourself to work more, when you really want to relax? When you force yourself to work when you’ve promised yourself a break, you’ll likely just end up distracting yourself with other things and put off working. Then you get stressed and end up resenting work. Instead, follow your natural rhythms. When you feel like working, work. When you don’t, don’t. Don’t over complicate things.
2. Do, don’t think. I’m going to stay true to this point and not think about writing something elaborate. Just do, stop thinking about it. Fail, make corrections later.
3. Don’t put sugar in your tank. You wouldn’t put sugar in your gas tank right? It doesn’t make much sense to fill your body up with unhealthy fuel either. If you don’t have the energy to get the work you need to done, work will feel forced.
4. Remove hidden roadblocks. What’s making you avoid working? What’s making your work seem like drudgery rather than joyful? It might have something to do with your beliefs about yourself. Maybe you believe you’re not good enough, smart enough or don’t have enough experience. Question your beliefs about what you can and can’t do.
5. Only do your best. Work can easily become a chore when you’re trying to constantly be perfect. The truth is, some of your ideas might not be so great. Others will be mind blowing. If you can accept that and just do your best, you stop judging yourself. Guess what it feels like when you’re no longer picking over everything you do with a fine toothed comb? It feels extremely liberating. It feels like you can actually enjoy your experience, rather than worrying about how everything is going to turn out. That is working effortlessly.
6. Act from your gut. When you think you have a great idea, believe it. Follow it. Chase it until you’re out of breath and can barely hold yourself up. Because if you don’t trust yourself, you’ll regret it later. The best way to live is to follow your intuition and trust life. If nothing else, trust yourself. Because if you can’t trust yourself, how can you trust your mistrust? That’s not very smart is it?
7. Focus on what matters. Our minds are constantly pulling us in different directions. We have to wash the cat, buy more apple cinnamon oatmeal, finish writing that resignation letter to your no-longer-boss at your dead-end job, and all sorts of other things. We have a tendency to follow what’s urgent instead of what’s important. In order to get the important things done, we have to be ruthless at removing distractions. If it takes bringing a laptop (or notepad) to a cafe to write your grandiose novel, then do that. Avoid the vacuum of minutiae urgency. Remove all distractions so you can focus on the important things. I would much rather spend 4 hours working on an important project, then 4 hours spinning my wheels and scratching my head trying to figure out what I did today.
8. Refuse to do what you don’t want to do. I often avoid working because I’m trying to do things I think I “should do.” I think I should read more because it will make me smarter. I think I should buy new clothes because it will make me cooler. I think I should work on this project because it will be good for my resume. Forget what you think you should do (except maybe… paying your rent). Do what you want to do. Other people will understand. In fact, they’ll probably envy you.

Developing a lean, flat stomach takes time and patience, especially when it comes to those last few kilograms in those hard to lose places. There is only one way to lose fat in the so-called ’stubborn areas,’ and that is with the correct combination strength training (with a extra focus on mid-section), cardiovascular exercise (short, hard workouts), and stable blood sugar (keeps you from adding additional fat and makes it easier for the body to use body fat for fuel).

Spot Reduction is a Myth - The first thing you need to realize is that it is impossible to ’spot reduce’ fat from one specific part of the body. Fat loss occurs systemically, meaning that you can’t control where the fat comes from. When you burn fat for energy, you will draw it from all areas of the body, and the first place you tend to put it on will be the last place it comes off.

Cardio, cardio, cardio - Doing all the abs exercises in the world will do nothing if you have a layer of fat covering it. Doing strength training, or lifting weights, would help, but not as much as aerobic exercise. If you want to add some ab exercises in after the cardio, that’s great, but be sure to work your whole torso, not just the upper abs — that includes the lower abs, lower back and the muscles that wrap around your sides.

For example, Walking, jogging, bicycling, elliptical exercise and stair climbing are all great fat burners. Most give up early in the workout. During the first 10 minutes of aerobic activity, glycogen (stored carbohydrates) is the primary fuel source. Because you don’t burn significant amounts of fat until glycogen stores are depleted, the key to maximum fat loss is to work out aerobically for 30-60 minutes continuously per session.

Diet – Its best to stay away from fried food and too many sugary desserts. Abdominal fat loss is a 50% exercise, 50% nutrition combination. Regardless of how much you workout, if the number of calories you take in is greater than the amount you burn, you’ll still put on abdominal fat.

Eat Small Meals Regularly - You should try and spread your calories out into five small meals a day instead of 2 or 3 big ones so that you don’t overeat in one feeding.

Give it Time – If you want to have a flat stomach in 3 weeks, forget it. Losing fat takes time, and it’s unhealthy to lose too much weight too fast. Gradual weight loss is healthier, and more likely to be sustained over time. Go for a lifestyle change, something you can live with for the rest of your life, or you will just yo-yo. It’s a marathon, not a sprint.

Are you worried about looking like a hunchback? Here’s a pain free and effective method for safely assuming a ‘correct’ posture and improving muscle tone.

As a great side benefit, it would improve your self esteem and attitude! You will appear and feel more confident which improves your attitude and mood!

1. Know what good posture is believed to be. Most people think that to “stand up straight” means tensing your back to heave your chest ‘in and up’, and pulling your head back in to your chest. This is not so. The spine has two natural curves that you need to maintain called the ‘double C’ or ‘S’ curves, these are the curves found from the base of your head to your shoulders and the curve from the upper back to the base of the spine. When standing straight up, make sure that your weight is evenly distributed on your feet. You might feel like you are leaning forward, and look stupid, but you don’t. [This needs an image]
2. Using a mirror, align your ears, shoulders, and hips. [This needs an image] Proper alignment places your ears loosely above your shoulders, above your hips. Again, these points make a straight line, but the spine itself curves in a slight ‘S’. You’ll find that this doesn’t hurt at all. If you do experience pain, look at your side view in a mirror to see if you’re forcing your back into an unnatural position. If so, stop it!
3. Do exercises that strengthen the muscles across your upper back and shoulders. These do not have to be strenuous! Try the following, with or without hand weights:
   • Align your ears over your shoulders. Raise both arms straight up, alongside your ears. Remember to keep your ears aligned! Bend forearms toward shoulders to touch your shoulder blades. Do 10 repetitions with both arms, then alternate 10 reps for each arm singularly.
   • Align ears with shoulders. Raise both arms out to sides at shoulder length. Hold for a slow count of ten. Slowly lower arms to sides, counting ten as you lower. Slowly raise arms back to shoulder height, counting to ten as you raise arms. Do ten reps, constantly checking your alignment! If ten reps are too many to start, do as many as you can. You should at least feel a slight fatigue in the shoulder muscles.
   • Be a penguin. While you wait for a web page to load, toast to pop, or the microwave to beep, place elbows at your side, and touch your shoulders with your hands. Keeping your hands on your shoulders, and your ears aligned, raise both elbows (count one, two) and lower them back to your waist (count one, two). Do as many reps as your wait allows. You’ll be surprised how much exercise fits into 30 seconds.
4. Do stretches. This can greatly help if you find that you have a sore back or neck after a while.
   • Tilt (stretch) your head in all four directions over your shoulders (forward, back, left, right), and gently massage your neck. Avoid rolling in a circle, as it may cause further strain.
   • On your hands and knees, curl your back upwards, like a cat, and then the opposite. Think about being able to place a bowl in the hollow of your back.
5. Repeat the exercises a few times each day. Doing them in the morning helps your body stretch out the muscle lethargy of sleep, and periodically throughout the day helps raise your energy level without a heavy workout.
6. Doing yoga is also excellent for posture. You can take a class or find a good workout video.

Sitting

1. Sit in an office chair.
2. Align your back with the back of the office chair. Avoid slouching or leaning forward, especially when tired from sitting in the office chair for long periods. Keep your shoulders straight.
3. Flex your arms at a 75 to 90 degree angle at the elbows. You may have to adjust the office chair.
4. Make sure your neck, back, and heels are all aligned.
5. Keep both feet flat on the floor. If there’s a problem with feet reaching the floor comfortably, a footrest can be used along with the office chair.

Standing

1. Stand with weight mostly on the balls of the feet, not with weight on the heels. Avoid locking your knees.
2. Keep feet slightly apart, about shoulder-width.
3. Let arms hang naturally down the sides of the body.
4. Tuck the chin in a little to keep the head level. Be sure the head is square on top of the neck and spine, not pushed out forward
5. Stand straight and tall, with shoulders upright.
6. Stand against a wall with shoulders and bottom touching wall. In this position, the back of the head should also touch the wall – if it does not, the head is carried too far forward (anterior head carriage).

Walking

1. Keep the head up and eyes looking straight ahead. Avoid pushing your head forward.
2. Keep shoulders properly aligned with the rest of the body.

Carrying Objects

1. Always bend at the knees, not the waist.
2. Use the large leg and stomach muscles for lifting, not the lower back.
3. If necessary, get a supportive belt to help maintain good posture while lifting.
4. When carrying a heavy or large object, keep it close to the chest.
5. If carrying something with one arm, switch arms frequently.
6. When carrying a backpack or purse, keep it as light as possible, and balance the weight on both sides as much as possible, or alternate from side to side.

Driving

1. Sit with the back firmly against the seat for proper back support. The seat should be a proper distance from the pedals and steering wheel to avoid leaning forward or reaching.
2. The headrest should support the middle of the head to keep it upright. Tilt the headrest forward if possible to make sure that the head-to-headrest distance is not more than four inches.

Sleeping

1. A relatively firm mattress is generally best for proper back support, although individual preference is very important.
2. Sleeping on the side or back is usually more comfortable for the back than sleeping on the stomach.
3. Use a pillow to provide proper support and alignment for the head and shoulders.
4. Consider putting a rolled-up towel under the neck and a pillow under the knees to better support the spine.
5. If sleeping on the side, a relatively flat pillow placed between the legs will help keep the spine aligned and straight.

A great side benefit of keeping your head straight, and your ears/shoulders/hips aligned is an improvement in your self-esteem and attitude. If you walk with your head up, you appear more confident, and feel more confident, which improves your attitude and mood, making it easier to walk with your head up.

1. Substitute Water. Our bodies are about 65-70% water. It follows that water would be not only essential, but the best possibly choice of liquids to ingest. In fact, our bodies will sometimes simulate a hunger response, when in reality the body is craving hydration. When hungry, drink a glass or two of water to check if it suppresses your hunger.
2. Chew Your Food. Chewing our food very slowly and deliberately has several benefits that are often overlooked. It gives us the ability to relax, and enjoy our meal. Slow chewing is the first, and highly important, step in a complex system of digestion. Besides, if we eat slowly, we might feel full before finishing the whole meal, and can leave the rest for the next meal.
3. Exercise daily. How silly of me to include something as obvious as exercise. I did a 30 day trial with waking up, and walking for 30 minutes first thing in the morning. My journal records that I was feeling amazing during the period of time that I was following this habit.
4. Publicize your intentions. Start a blog, join a forum, and have other people keep you accountable to help. Tell other people your plan, it would help you get the motivation to go with it!
5. Create a food schedule. Plan your day so that you’re eating at approximately the same time each day. This scheduling will incorporate itself into your circadian rhythm, and aid in digestion.
6. Do not over eat. Know your limit and stop eating when you are full. I have often been a victim of wanting to finish a meal so that it doesn’t go to waste. This has left me with many a stomach ache. Next time, doggy bag it for later, and don’t hurt yourself!
7. Choose your snacks wisely. Put down the Lays® and cheese puffs. Pick up the apple and baby carrots. Make the right decision, I know you can do it.
8. Lifestyle. Remember, it’s not about special diets, or special exercise programs. The real secret is in turning your health into a lifestyle, and focusing on this healthy lifestyle with every choice you make.

The paper was very easy.
The mcq's were really easy.
Most of the mcq's were from the last 5 lecture.
and from jacobi's method and other's.
then the logical mcq's like
s inverse * s = I
it was repeated twice.
one 5 mark question was from newton's rapson method
one 10 mark question was from lecture 11 page 69 example
best of luck

Total Question 42

40 MCQS (1 to 20 lecture)

2 Short Questions of 5 Marks each

1.What is competitive intelligence program. Discus three basic missions of competitive intelligence program?

2.Explain Merger & Acquisition with the help of examples. Examples should be multinational or local companies.

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
7th Dec 2009
MGT101- Financial Accounting
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Income of the business includes:
► Cash sales only
► Credit sales only
► Credit purchases only
► Both cash sales and credit sales
Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Consider the following:
Beginning inventory 10 units @ Rs. 10 per unit
First purchase 35 units @ Rs. 11 per unit
Second purchase 40 units @ Rs. 12 per unit
Third purchase 20 units @ Rs. 13 per unit
Eighty-five units were sold, what is the value of the ending inventory using the FIFO method of inventory costing?
► Rs.260
► Rs.232
► Rs.284
► Rs.320
Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT an example of Current Asset?
► Bank Overdraft
► Accounts Receivable
► Notes Receivable
► Prepaid Expenses
Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
We can say that the business is in profit, when:
► Assets exceed Expenditure
► Assets exceed Liabilities
► Income exceeds Expenditure
► Income exceeds Liabilities

Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following essentials are shown in Cash Book?
(1) Date of transaction
(2) Narration of transaction
(3) Cheque number
► (1) & (2) only
► (2) & (3) only
► (1) & (3) only
► (1), (2) & (3)
Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Income of the business includes:

► Cash sales only
► Credit sales only
► Credit purchases only
► Both cash sales and credit sales
Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Economic resources owned by a business and expected to benefit for the future operations are called:
► Expenses
► Assets
► Capital
► Liabilities
Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following account will be credited, when the goods are purchased on cash?
► Stock account
► Cash account
► Supplier account
► Work in process account
Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If the cost of sales is Rs. 60,000, sales are Rs. 95,000 and operating expenses are Rs.20,000 during the year. What would be the Net Profit?
► Rs.15,000
► Rs. 35,000
► Rs. 55,000
► Rs. 60,000
Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following account balance will be shown on debit side of Trial Balance? (It is assumed that all account balances are shown on normal balance).
► Capital account
► Sundry creditors account
► Accounts payable account
► Cash account
Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following account will be debited, if business bought goods on cash from Mr. Ali?
► Purchases account
► Mr. Ali account
► Cash account
► Sales account
Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A summarized record of transactions related to individuals or things is called a/an ___.
► Account
► Voucher
► Journal
► Trial balance
Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When a assets is increased, it is recorded on the:
► Right or debit side of the account
► Left or debit side of the account
► Left or credit side of the account
► Right or credit side of the account
Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Cost incurred for the maintenance of shop is considered as _________.
► Deferred expense
► Capital expense
► Revenue expense
► Preliminary expense
Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Double entry accounting system includes:
► Accrual accounting only
► Cash accounting only
► Both cash and accrual accounting
► None of the given options
Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The allocation of the cost of a tangible plant asset to expense in the periods, in which services are received from the asset, is termed as:
► Appreciation
► Depreciation
► Fluctuation
► None of the given options
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Under the reducing balance method of depreciation:

► Amount of depreciation increases every year
► Amount of depreciation remains constant for every year
► Amount of depreciation decreases every year
► None of the given options
Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Consider the following:
Beginning inventory 10 units @ Rs. 10 per unit
First purchase 35 units @ Rs. 11 per unit
Second purchase 40 units @ Rs. 12 per unit
Third purchase 20 units @ Rs. 13 per unit
Eighty units were sold, what is the value of the ending inventory using the FIFO method of inventory costing?
► Rs.260
► Rs.232
► Rs.284
► Rs.320
Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Cost of asset Rs. 1,00,000
Life of asset 5 years
Depreciation for each year Rs. 5,000
Sale price after 5 years Rs.50,000
Profit or Loss ?
► Rs.25, 000
► Rs. 75,000
► Rs. 15,000
► Rs. 1, 00,000
Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In accounting accumulated depreciation is:
► Treated as a reserve
► Treated as a contra asset
► Treated as a surplus
► Treated as an expense
Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Cash book is a part of:
► Voucher
► General Journal
► General Ledger
► Trial Balance
Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following organization converts raw material into finished goods?
► Trading concern
► Manufacturing concern
► Merchandising concern
► Service concern
Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following account will be credited, if business purchased a vehicle on cash?
► Vehicle account
► Cash account
► Business account
► Bank account
Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following essentials are shown in Bank Book?
(1) Date of transaction
(2) Narration of transaction
(3) Cheque number
► (1) & (2) only
► (2) & (3) only
► (1) & (3) only
► (1), (2) & (3)
Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Commercial Accounting is based on:
► Single entry book keeping
► Double entry book keeping
► Both single and double entry book keeping
► Cash basis of book keeping
Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A book, in which receipts and payments are recorded, is known as:
► Pass Book
► Cash Book
► Purchase Book
► Sales Book
Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Commercial Accounting is based on:
► Single entry book keeping
► Double entry book keeping
► Both single and double entry book keeping
► Cash basis of book keeping
Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following account will be credited, when the goods are purchased on cash?
► Stock account
► Cash account
► Supplier account
► Work in process account
Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Following are the inventories of Trading Concern EXCEPT:
► Raw material
► Work in process
► Finished goods
► Merchandise inventory
Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Word “Credit” is derived from ______ language.
► Latin
► English
► French
► Chinese
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

"Mr. “A” collected cash from debtors", the journal entry for this transaction is:
► Mr. "A" a/c Dr. and debtors a/c Cr.
► Mr. "A" a/c Dr. and cash a/c Cr.
► Cash a/c Dr. and debtors a/c Cr.
► None of the given options
Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The assets which have a limited useful life are termed as:
► Limited assets
► Depreciateable assets
► Unlimited assets
► None of the given options
Question No: 33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When Capital is increased by an amount, it is recorded on the:
► Left or credit side of the account
► Right or debit side of the account
► Left or debit side of the account
► Right or credit side of the account
Question No: 34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Depreciable value of an asset is equal to:
► Cost + scrap value
► Cost + market price
► Cost – scrap value
► None of the given options
Question No: 35 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The area of accounting concerned with reporting financial information to the interested parties is called:
► Cost Accounting
► Financial Accounting
► Management Accounting
► Tax Accounting
Question No: 36 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What would be the affect on the components of the accounting equation, if goods are purchased on cash?
► Increase in cash and decrease in equity
► Increase in cash and increase in goods
► Increase in goods and decrease in cash
► Increase in equipment and increase in equity
Question No: 41 ( Marks: 10 )
How you can distinguish between Sole proprietorship, Partnership and Joint Stock company?