Question # 1 of 10 Total Marks: 1

The _____ of the in a binary tree is defined as the height of its left sub tree

minus the height of its right sub tree.

Height

Balance

Depth

None of above

Question # 2 of 10 Total Marks: 1

In which case of insertion a single rotation can make the AVL tree balanced?

An insertion into left subtree of the left child of α.

An insertion into right subtree of the left child of α.

An insertion into left subtree of the right child of α.

None of above.

Question # 3 of 10 Total Marks: 1

The _____ of a binary tree is the maximum levels of its leaves (also called

the depth)?

Level

Width

Height

None of the above

Question # 4 of 10 Total Marks: 1

Maximum time an insertion operation can take in AVL tree is? Here Log

stands for Log to the base of 2.

Log(n)

1.44 Log (n)

1.66 Log (n)

Log (n+1)

Question # 5 of 10 Total Marks: 1

Which one of the following is to more close to AVL Tree?

BST

Complete BST

Heap

None of above

Imrangee

Question # 6 of 10 Total Marks: 1

Which of the following data structure is of linear type?

Strings

Queues

Lists

All of above

Question # 7 of 10 Total Marks: 1

A binary search tree (BST) every node has two or zero node is called_____.

Complete BST

BST

Extended BST

None of above

Question # 8 of 10 Total Marks: 1

Which data structure allows inserting elements at the back and removing

from the front?

Stacks

Queues

BST

Deques

Question # 9 of 10 Total Marks: 1

BST violates the condition of AVL when any node has a balance equal

to____

2 or -2

1 or -1

0

None of above

Question # 10 of 10 Total Marks: 1

Incase of insertion of left outer node in BST we apply___

Single right rotation to make it AVL

Single left rotation to make it AVL

Double rotation, first left then right rotation.

None of above

"We use ER Data Model in conceptual database design instead of using other models but we never use ER data model in our logical database design"

Idea Solution:-

Conceptual database designs is used to define the objects and relations between them. ER diagram is best suited for defining relation and there respective functions. This model is flexible enough to bear a change with out any harm to other data's structure. ER data base model represent association. which is needed to define relations.

Logical database model is some what advanced of this model. In this model you need to define keys, attributes, behaviors and foregn keys to be inherit and possible representation which can be converted into physical data models. here we do not need association and other functionalities thats why we did not use ER diagrams.

Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks 

Question: Mark:5+5+5+5 Consider the following Context Free Grammar (CFG) S → aY | Ybb | Y X → Λ | a Y → aXY | bb | XXa a) Is the CFG ambiguous, if Yes then justify your answer. b) Draw a Total Language Tree (TLT) for the given CFG. c) Convert the CFG into CNF. d) Build the PDA corresponding to the CFG (in CNF) of part (c).

Solution:-

i think it will help u>>>>>>

Question: Mark:5+5+5+5 Consider the following Context Free Grammar (CFG)
S → aY | Ybb | Y

X → Λ | a
Y → aXY | bb | XXa a) Is the CFG ambiguous, if Yes then justify your answer. b) Draw a Total Language Tree (TLT) for the given CFG. c) Convert the CFG into CNF. d) Build the PDA corresponding to the CFG (in CNF) of part (c).

Part a

this CFG Is not ambiguous because any string in not shown two derivation tree.


Part b

second is its total language tree may be arbitrary wide as well as infinity long.


Part c

CFG Into CNF removing null and unit production

s-> Ay| yBB | b
x-> a | a
y-> Axy | Ax |BB | xxa| xx | xA | a
A->a
B->b
part d

This is wrong.I was not able to convert it into CNF, but I am very close to do it so!
S->aY|Ybb|Y
X->^|a
Y->aXY|bb|XXa
null production
Y->aY|bb|Xa|a
after removing null production
S->aY|Ybb|Y
X->a
Y->aY|bb|Xa|a
Unit production
S->Y
S->Y->aY gives S->abb (Y->bb)
S->Y->aY gives S->aa (Y->a)
S->Y->aY->aXa gives S->aaa (X->a)
New CFG will be
S->aY|Ybb|abb|aa|aaa
X->a
Y->aY|bb|Xa|a
(i am stuck here)
 

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A world's number one cosmetics company is operating its business in Pakistan since the last 25 years; it plans to open up a scholarship program for the masters female poor students. In its cosmetics advertisement through electronic and print media, the company encourages to buy its products more and more to help poor female students. The cosmetics company ensures that at very item you purchase from us, we donate one rupee each to this scholarship program.

Think critically and evaluate this plan, How do you think it gives long tem benefits to the company or not? Provide justification by max 200 words.

Solution:-

Through this campaign company shows to the people of Pakistan that they are a trustworthy organization and they are fulfilling their social responsibilities and they are wanted to help the poor people of Pakistan. Through this campaign they get the long term loyalty of the people and also they made some positive image about their product in the customer mind. Also through this campaign the company build strong relationship with those people those get the help from the company they always loyal to that company. Also through this campaign company increase sales because those people wanted to help others they prefer to buy the product of that company so there is company not only get the people trust and loyalty they also get handsome amount of money. 

Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks 

Q1. Write a paragraph of about 100 words on any ONE of the given topics. (10)

Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty.

                               (OR)

Failure is success if we learn from it.

Solution:-

Failure is success if we learn from it.

When a person is in low self esteem, making a mistake only amplifies an existing sense of blame and disapproval. To them, a mistake is only proof that they are "less than". They may even be in denial of what really happened and may feel they have something to hide, even from themselves. These people can be very self defensive or destructive to themselves or even destructive and harmful to others. To compound that loss, they also don’t avail themselves of a fantastic and timely leaning opportunity; they get no useful and positive feedback and not much chance of making a change for the better. In fact, they are probably condemned to repeat the same past mistakes, right?

Why? It’s human nature for someone still struggling with emotional mastery and self esteem issues to ruminate on or even gloss over a failure. Besides getting stuck in feeling badly, they are missing so much good feedback because they don’t assess what went wrong with the intentions of learning so that they can do better next time!

Learning from your failures can and should be as informational and productive as learning from your successes. But only with this caveat: You need to examine your failures from the very same success mindset of thinking and behavior that gave you your successes!

Having a strong and solid inner sense of self worth means that a failure or a mistake doesn’t define who you are. When you believe that you are still a good person, it’s simply feedback that you need to try something else to get the outcome that you want. You will stop equating your self worth and self esteem with making mistakes or not making mistakes. A person that believes that they have 100% self worth as a birth right will see a mistake or a failure as an opportunity to learn how to do it better the next time. They can get right back up, dust their knees off, and get going again. They won’t beat themselves up because, after all, humans will make mistakes. Instead, they ask themselves what can I change to do it better the next time I encounter the same situation.

to make a list of what didn’t work for them each day and to reflect on specifically what changes they can make to do it better the next time. There is no self condemnation allowed, only continual and incremental improvement. Being a totally worth while human being is what defines you, not your failures. Now, Failure is only feedback to help you do better next time. And now here is a great quote from a guy that epitomizes success: Failure is success if we learn from it. Malcolm S. Forbes. If Malcolm Forbes saw his failures this way, and we know how successful and self confident he was, we all can learn from his self perception.

 

Q2. Identify the grammatical error in the following sentence. Keep in mind that

there is one error.     (5)

1. Lack of sleep and poor nutrition often contributes to poor grades among students.

 a) Parallelism error.

 b) Subject-verb agreement error.

 c) Misplaced modifier.

 d) Sentence fragment.

2. It is believed that irradiated meat can cause DNA damage, abnormalities, and destroy essential vitamins and minerals.

 a) Parallelism error.

 b) Subject-verb agreement error.

 c) Pronoun inconsistency.

 d) Sentence fragment.

3. Many students who have to take out loans, have a heavy debt load on graduation.

 a) Punctuation error.

 b) Run-on sentence.

 c) Pronoun case error.

 d) Pronoun-antecedent agreement error.

4. Comparing the two essays on space exploration, Zaid’s argument is more convincing

     than Ali's.

 a) Faulty comparison

 b) Comma splice

 c) Dangling modifier.

 d) Run-on sentence.

5. According to a report, U.S. tariffs on the Canadian softwood industry took a heavy toll;

    thousands of jobs in the forest industry were lost.

 a) Misplaced modifier.

 b) Punctuation error.

 c) Run on sentence.

 d) Comma splice.

Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks 

A company in Pakistan started a new e-commerce business of woman Hijab (Veils). What type of barrier (in respect of International E-Commerce) company faces to attract customers in Europe from the list below;

1 – Lack of Trust

2 – Language

3 – Cultural

4 – Infrastructure

Solution:-

To me, it should be cultural barrier

As all of u know many European countries imposed ban on Hijab They consider Hijab as human right violation due to their cultural
 

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Describe the stages where Quality Control and Quality Assurance work in the process of Total Quality Management and explain the relationship of Quality Control & Quality Assurance in Total Quality Management process.

Solution:-

Quality control and quality assurance are important concepts, yet most project managers have only a vague understanding of the meanings and the differences between these terms. Here's what they mean.


Managing quality on your project means that you must first understand the specific quality expectations of your customer and then put a proactive plan in place to meet those expectations. The "proactive plan" contains a number of elements -- the most important of which are the quality control and quality assurance activities that need to be performed.

Quality control and quality assurance are important concepts, yet most project managers have only a vague understanding of the meanings and the differences between these terms. It's actually pretty easy.

Quality Control refers to quality related activities associated with the creation of project deliverables. Quality control is used to verify that deliverables are of acceptable quality and that they are complete and correct. Examples of quality control activities include deliverable peer reviews and the testing process.

Quality Assurance refers to the process used to create the deliverables, and can be performed by a manager, client, or even a third-party reviewer. Examples of quality assurance include process checklists and project audits. If your project gets audited, for instance, an auditor might not be able to tell if the content of a specific deliverable is acceptable (quality control). However, the auditor should be able to tell if the deliverable seems acceptable based on the process used to create it (quality assurance). That's why project auditors can perform a quality assurance review on your project, even if they do not know the specifics of what you are delivering. They don't know your project, but they know what good processes look like.

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What do you know about the most recently held series of talks between Pakistani and Indian Foreign Ministers? Why did these talks fail to produce any positive result?

Idea Solution:-

Helping Material
NEW DELHI: Indian newspapers on Saturday blamed Pakistan's foreign minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi for the “failure” of peace talks earlier in the week between the two countries.

“Qureshi kills peace talks,” read a headline on the front page of leading circulation daily The Times of India, a day after Indian foreign minister S.M. Krishna returned to New Delhi from Islamabad.

The strongly worded comments came after the discussions, meant to build trust between nuclear-armed India and Pakistan, soured over what Islamabad charged was India's “selective” approach to outstanding issues.

Another top-selling daily The Economic Times accused Islamabad of pushing ties “off the diplomatic rails ... by sidelining New Delhi's main demand for action” against the perpetrators of the 2008 Mumbai Islamic militant attacks.

India's Hindustan Times accused Pakistan of “ambush diplomacy” by seeking to set a fixed timeframe to resolve key issues such as the row over disputed Muslim-majority Kashmir, the trigger of two of three wars between the nations.

This led to the “meeting's failure,” the newspaper said.

Qureshi on Friday had accused India of “narrowing down the talks” by focusing exclusively on militancy rather than the whole range of issues between the countries, including the status of Kashmir and water access rights.

He said Pakistan wanted the discussions to lead to the creation of a “roadmap” for better relations. “But Indians felt they did not have the mandate to commit to it,” Qureshi said.

Despite the chilly atmosphere, both Qureshi and Krishna have agreed to meet again in New Delhi to pursue improved relations that were derailed by the Mumbai carnage in which 166 people died. – AFP

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