MBA (finance) presentation and viva
Sunday, October 09, 2011 Posted In Viva Interview MBA Edit ThisMBA (finance) presentation and viva
Due to load shedding I solve only these question the rest question i solve soon INSHALLHA.
1-What is Outward and Inward clearing?
Inward clearing:
“Inward clearing means the cheques received by the bank from other banks for clearing purpose”.
“When a particular branch receives instruments, which are on themselves and sent by other member bank for collection is treated as Inward Clearing of that branch. This branch is known as paying branch”.
Outward Clearing:
“Outward clearing refer to instruments that are deposited by customers that are drawn on other banks that need to be presented at clearing”.
For example if you deposit in own HBL account Soneri Bank’s check then HBL sent this check to Soneri bank through clearing house for clearing purpose.
“When a particular branch receives instruments drawn on the other bank within the clearing zone and sends those instruments for collection through the clearing arrangement is considered as Outward Clearing for that particular branch. This branch is known as collecting branch”
2-what is bearer cheque?
Bearer Cheques:
In this type cash is payable to anyone presenting the cheque for payment at the cash counter of bank.
3-What is clearing stamp n why we put this stamp?
After the cheques have been crossed specially, clearing stamp is put on the cheques and other instruments, with the following day’s date, as these cheques would have to be presented in their concerned drawee banks on the subsequent day.Clearing stamp shows that everything is clear and bank receives the payments on behalf of customers.
4-What is crossing?
Crossing of a cheque may be defined as, “a direction to the drawee banker to pay the money on a crossed cheque through a banker, so that the party getting the payment of a crossed cheque may be easily traceable.”
Types of Crossing
There are two types of crossing
1. General Crossing
2. Special Crossing.
General Crossing:
A cheque is said to be crossed when two parallel transverse lines, with or without any words, are drawn on the left hand top corner of the cheque. It is relevant to state that such lines are essential for general crossing and may not be drawn in case of special crossing.
Special Crossing:
“Where cheque bears across its face an addition of the name of a banker, either with or without the word “not negotiable” that addition shall be deemed a crossing, and cheque shall be deemed to be crossed specially and to be crossed to that banker.”
6-What is DD?
“A Demand Draft is a negotiable instrument issued by the bank, on account of a person, and drawn on its own branch in a specific city or on the branch of another bank in that city (in case bank doesn’t have any branch there), requesting it to pay the specified amount to the person named on it”.
Demand Drafts are used to make outstation payments or to transfer money, out of the city. Therefore, a DD is always made for a particular city.
“DD is drawn on banks located in other cities. When u want to transfer funds from one city to another city for making payment to any person you need to prepare a bank draft in favor of that person and send the same to the payee. DD is payees account only”.
7-When we use pay order n for what?
“Pay Order is a negotiable instrument made by the bank, on account of a customer, to pay on order the specified amount to the directed person (payee)”.
Pay Orders are used to make payment or to transfer money, with in the same city. Pay Order is always drawn on the bank that has issued it.
“Where as payment order is drawn within the city and also payable within the city through account of the payee and not over the counter. When you want to make payment to any person within the city you are required to prepare a payment order in favor of that person”.
8-What is next of kin?
9-Do you know about KYC ...its a card or product?
10-What is AOF by the way?
AOF means Account Opening form.
11- What is gearing ratio?
Leverage ratios also known as Gearing Ratio. These ratios measure the degree of protection of suppliers of long term funds. These include:
Ø Times Interest Earned (Interest Coverage Ratio or Fixed Charged Coverage)
Ø Debt Ratio
Ø Debt / Equity Ratio
Ø Debt to Tangible Net worth Ratio
Ø Total Capitalization Ratio
12-tell me the Bench mark of capitalization ratio ?
There is no standard or benchmark for setting the right or optimum amount of debt. Leverage will depend on the type of industry, line of business and the stage of development of the company (and its products). However, it is commonly understood that low debt and high equity levels in the capitalization ratio indicates good quality of investment.
13-what is sales of bank ?
14-What the deference between services and sales?
Sale means selling a product or tangible good while services include intangible goods like doctors, teachers, advocates etc. provide their services.
15-financial statements ki kitni typed hoti hain?
There are four types of financial statements:
1-What is Outward and Inward clearing?
Inward clearing:
“Inward clearing means the cheques received by the bank from other banks for clearing purpose”.
“When a particular branch receives instruments, which are on themselves and sent by other member bank for collection is treated as Inward Clearing of that branch. This branch is known as paying branch”.
Outward Clearing:
“Outward clearing refer to instruments that are deposited by customers that are drawn on other banks that need to be presented at clearing”.
For example if you deposit in own HBL account Soneri Bank’s check then HBL sent this check to Soneri bank through clearing house for clearing purpose.
“When a particular branch receives instruments drawn on the other bank within the clearing zone and sends those instruments for collection through the clearing arrangement is considered as Outward Clearing for that particular branch. This branch is known as collecting branch”
2-what is bearer cheque?
Bearer Cheques:
In this type cash is payable to anyone presenting the cheque for payment at the cash counter of bank.
3-What is clearing stamp n why we put this stamp?
After the cheques have been crossed specially, clearing stamp is put on the cheques and other instruments, with the following day’s date, as these cheques would have to be presented in their concerned drawee banks on the subsequent day.Clearing stamp shows that everything is clear and bank receives the payments on behalf of customers.
4-What is crossing?
Crossing of a cheque may be defined as, “a direction to the drawee banker to pay the money on a crossed cheque through a banker, so that the party getting the payment of a crossed cheque may be easily traceable.”
Types of Crossing
There are two types of crossing
1. General Crossing
2. Special Crossing.
General Crossing:
A cheque is said to be crossed when two parallel transverse lines, with or without any words, are drawn on the left hand top corner of the cheque. It is relevant to state that such lines are essential for general crossing and may not be drawn in case of special crossing.
Special Crossing:
“Where cheque bears across its face an addition of the name of a banker, either with or without the word “not negotiable” that addition shall be deemed a crossing, and cheque shall be deemed to be crossed specially and to be crossed to that banker.”
6-What is DD?
“A Demand Draft is a negotiable instrument issued by the bank, on account of a person, and drawn on its own branch in a specific city or on the branch of another bank in that city (in case bank doesn’t have any branch there), requesting it to pay the specified amount to the person named on it”.
Demand Drafts are used to make outstation payments or to transfer money, out of the city. Therefore, a DD is always made for a particular city.
“DD is drawn on banks located in other cities. When u want to transfer funds from one city to another city for making payment to any person you need to prepare a bank draft in favor of that person and send the same to the payee. DD is payees account only”.
7-When we use pay order n for what?
“Pay Order is a negotiable instrument made by the bank, on account of a customer, to pay on order the specified amount to the directed person (payee)”.
Pay Orders are used to make payment or to transfer money, with in the same city. Pay Order is always drawn on the bank that has issued it.
“Where as payment order is drawn within the city and also payable within the city through account of the payee and not over the counter. When you want to make payment to any person within the city you are required to prepare a payment order in favor of that person”.
8-What is next of kin?
9-Do you know about KYC ...its a card or product?
10-What is AOF by the way?
AOF means Account Opening form.
11- What is gearing ratio?
Leverage ratios also known as Gearing Ratio. These ratios measure the degree of protection of suppliers of long term funds. These include:
Ø Times Interest Earned (Interest Coverage Ratio or Fixed Charged Coverage)
Ø Debt Ratio
Ø Debt / Equity Ratio
Ø Debt to Tangible Net worth Ratio
Ø Total Capitalization Ratio
12-tell me the Bench mark of capitalization ratio ?
There is no standard or benchmark for setting the right or optimum amount of debt. Leverage will depend on the type of industry, line of business and the stage of development of the company (and its products). However, it is commonly understood that low debt and high equity levels in the capitalization ratio indicates good quality of investment.
13-what is sales of bank ?
14-What the deference between services and sales?
Sale means selling a product or tangible good while services include intangible goods like doctors, teachers, advocates etc. provide their services.
15-financial statements ki kitni typed hoti hain?
There are four types of financial statements:
1. Income statement
2. Statement of owner equity
3. Balance sheet
4. Statements of cash flows
(fin 621, page no. 01)
16-times interest earned ratio kis liye use hoti hy.
Time interest earned indicates whether the business has earned sufficient profits to pay its periodical interest liabilities or not.
EBIT / Interest Expense
Increasing Ratio is favorable for the bank because it may attract the investors.
Decreasing Ratio is not favorable for the bank because company has been less able to cover the interest on the debt.
17-Clearing functions
i. Stamps Put On the Cheques:-
When the cheques are presented in particular Branch to be deposited in their respective payee’s accounts, different stamps are put on cheques before their lodgment in outward clearing.
ii. Crossing the cheques:-
Crossing means two parallel lines, drawn across the face of the cheques with or without words written in between them. Crossing may be general or special. In clearing, cheques are crossed specially. Cheques are stamped with bank’s name between two parallel lines to constitute special crossing. After the cheques have been crossed specially, the holder cannot receive payment except through the banker named on the cheques crossing saves the instrument to go it in illegal hands. If, crossed cheques is lost or stolen, there is no risk involved. So it is an effective means of minimizing the risk of loss.
iii. Clearing Stamp:-
After the cheques have been crossed specially, clearing stamp is put on the cheques and other instruments, with the next date, so these cheques would have to be presented in their concerned drawee banks on the subsequent day.
iv. Endorsement Stamp:-
The word endorsement means anything written or printed on the back of an instrument. So endorsement stamp has to put with words “Payee’s account Credited .
v. National Institutional Facilitation Authority:-
After putting these three stamps on cheques & other negotiable instruments, they are sent to NIFT. NIFT after segregating the cheques of different banks delivers them to their concerned banks.
VI. SEND Report To The Bank:-
After delivering the cheques to different banks NIFT send report to Branch then the bank’s staff tally the amount of that report for its own record.
vii. Delivered Cheques to Respective Banks:-
Next morning, these cheques are delivered to the respective banks between 9:00 to 9:30AM. In the same manner, other banks present their clearing . Total number of cheques and their amount delivered to other banks and received from them are written on the Clearing House schedule branch for their payment. After proper scrutiny of cheques, verification of signatures and confirmation of balance in the account, the Officer Clearing Department Debit the customer Account. If any cheque is not passed due to insufficient balance or any other reason, Officer Cash Department returns the same cheque by attaching a cheque return memo containing reason for return.
viii. Credit the Customer Account:-
If the cheques are clear then credit the customer Account. If the bank receives the outward return due to any reason then this cheque is entered into the cheque returned register and bank charges are deducted according to the schedule of charges.
18-Different between demand draft and pay order?
Demand Drafts are used to make outstation payments or to transfer money, out of the city. Therefore, a DD is always made for a particular city whether Pay Orders are used to make payment or to transfer money, with in the same city. Pay Order is always drawn on the bank that has issued it.
19-brief question about cheque book issuance
Issuance of a Cheque book:-
After opening an A/C with the bank, the A/C holder receive a letter of thanks from Head Office Karachi then after receiving this letter client come to bank and makes a request in the name of bank for the issuance of a Cheque book. The A/C holder mentions title of A/C, A/C number, signs it properly. Normally a Cheque book having 25 leaves for Saving Account and 50 leaves Cheque Book to Current Account Holder. Every Cheque book also contains one leaf that is used for another issue of a Cheque book.
Entry of a Cheque book:-
Before issuance of a Cheque book, the employee performs certain functions. They include:
Ø Stamping requisition slip that is in Cheque book.
Ø Enters it in the Cheque book issue register.
Ø Check whether or not a senior officer has verified the signatures, if not then first gets them verified.
Ø After entry in the manual register, the employee issues the Cheque book to the A/C holder with his/her signature on the register.
20-Account opening procedure
The Account Opening Form:-
When a client comes to the bank, and makes a request for opening of an A/C. The officer says that first fill up a prescribed application form.
Completion of The Form:-
The name, occupation, and complete address of the person opening the account are written in the columns that are provided in the form. Signatures are obtained from the customer where it is required. These signatures should be usual signatures and he would operate the account with them.
Introduction:-
The introduction of a current account holder is accepted for the opening of either a current account or a saving account. The introducer should be Account Holder. The signature of the account-holder introducing the account is obtained at the place provided for in the account opening form.
Specimen Signature Card, Cheques Book Requisition, Online Form:-
The signatures of the client are obtained on a specimen Signature card Cheque book requisition and online form. These specimen signature cards are obtained in duplicate with two signatures on each card from the customer. Every time a Cheque is received for a payment from the client, the signature on the Cheque are verified by comparing them with the Specimen Signature Card.
Signature Difference Form:-
The signatures of the client are obtained on a signature difference form if his / her signatures differ from the computerized National Identity Card.
Vernacular Form:-
The signature of the customer is also obtained on the vernacular form if he / she signs in a language other than English.
Account Number:-
When all the formalities are completed then the final approval of account has to be taken from the Branch Manager. After obtaining approval of the branch manager an account number is allotted to the customer all the information is entered into the computer. Then that account number is written on the Cheque Book, Specimen Signature cards and account opening form.
Send the form to Head Office:-
After fulfill all the requirement and verify the form from operation manager the account opening form send to Head Office Karachi and make request to issue the printed cheque book.
21-Current Account min balance
22-Call Account
23-overdraft Account
24-Current Ratio
Current ratio determines the short term liquidity position of an entity.
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
25-why Acid Test Ratio is called Quick Ratio
It shows those assets which can be easily or quickly convertible into cash.
26-Interest Earned Ratio
Time interest earned indicates whether the business has earned sufficient profits to pay its periodical interest liabilities or not
EBIT / Interest Expense
Increasing Ratio is favorable for the bank because it may attract the investors.
Decreasing Ratio is not favorable for the bank because company has been less able to cover the interest on the debt
27-Debt to equity (explanation of component percentage)
Debt/equity ratio is a measure of financial leverage of a company calculated by dividing its total liabilities by stockholders' equity.
Total Liabilities / Total Shareholder Equity
Ideally, the banks want to see a ratio of 2:1, which equates to a 2.0 or less. As your ratios edge above this level the loan becomes a riskier proposition for the bank, and there is a good chance that your credit application will be declined.
28-What is the Net profit margin
This ratio shows profitability of the bank against it sales.
Profit after Tax / Net Sales x 100
29-What is the Assets turnover ratio
Asset turnover measures how effectively a business is using assets to generate sales.
Net Sales / Total assets
Increasing Ratio is good for Bank and companies
Decreasing Ratio is bad for bank and companies
30-Return on assets
ROA is measure of a company's profitability, equal to EBIT divided by its total assets, expressed as a percentage.
EBIT / Total Assets x 100
31-What is Operating Income Margin
Operating income margin is used to measure a company's pricing strategy and operating efficiency.
EBIT / Net Sales x 100
32-What is the difffence between EBIT and Operating Income margin
EBIT = earning before tax + interest expenses
Operating Income Margin = EBIT / Net Sales x 100
33-What is the formula of EBIT
EBIT = earning before tax + interest expenses
34-What is the formula of Operating Income Margin
Operating Income Margin = EBIT / Net Sales x 100
35-What is dupont return on Assets
Dupont ROA is an approach that determines the impact of asset turnover and profit margin on profits.
Net Income / Sales x Sales / Total Assets x 100
36-How do you differenceiate between dupont reuturn on assets and Operating Assets Turnover.
Dupont ROA is an approach that determines the impact of asset turnover and profit margin on profits.
Net Income / Sales x Sales / Total Assets x 100
The return on operating assets measure only includes in the denominator those assets actively used to create revenue.
EBIT / Operating Assets x 100
37-What is the formula of dupont return on Assets
Net Income / Sales x Sales / Total Assets x 100
38-Difference between Liquidity Ratio and Gearing Ratio:
Liquidity ratios measure a firm’s ability to meet its current obligations. These include:
Current Ratio
Acid Test Ratio (Quick Ratio)
Working capital
Leverage ratios also known as Gearing Ratio. These ratios measure the degree of protection of suppliers of long term funds. These include:
Times Interest Earned (Interest Coverage Ratio or Fixed Charged Coverage)
Ø Debt Ratio
Ø Debt / Equity Ratio
Ø Debt to Tangible Net worth Ratio
Ø Total Capitalization Ratio
39-Define Time Interest Earned Ratio:
Time interest earned indicates whether the business has earned sufficient profits to pay its periodical interest liabilities or not
EBIT / Interest Expense
Increasing Ratio is favorable for the bank because it may attract the investors.
Decreasing Ratio is not favorable for the bank because company has been less able to cover the interest on the debt
Your banker will be looking for your TIE ratio to be 2.0 or greater, showing that your business is earning the interest charges two or more times each year
40-What is EBIT?
EBIT means Earning before interest and tax.
EBIT = earning before tax + interest expenses
41-Difference between Net Profit and Return on Assets:
This ratio shows profitability of the bank against it sales.
Profit after Tax / Net Sales x 100
ROA is measure of a company's profitability, equal to EBIT divided by its total assets, expressed as a percentage.
EBIT / Total Assets x 100
42-Define the sale of Banks and its integral parts
43-What is Lease Payment
44-Define Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio
Times Interest Earned (Interest Coverage Ratio or Fixed Charged Coverage)
Time interest earned indicates whether the business has earned sufficient profits to pay its periodical interest liabilities or not
EBIT / Interest Expense
Increasing Ratio is favorable for the bank because it may attract the investors.
Decreasing Ratio is not favorable for the bank because company has been less able to cover the interest on the debt
Your banker will be looking for your TIE ratio to be 2.0 or greater, showing that your business is earning the interest charges two or more times each year
45-how banks done its operations in effective manners:
46-What are the operating fixed assets.
OPERATING ASSETS are long-term, or non-current, assets acquired for use in the business rather than for resale; includes property, plant, and equipment; intangible assets; and natural resources.
47-BBA Account n pls ka difference ?
The minimum initial deposit will be Rs.1000.
No profit will be Payable.
No fee (service charges) for maintaining such accounts will be charged.
There will be no limit for maintain minimum balance.
48-clearing
The word clearing has been derived from the word “clear” and is defined as:
“A system by which banks exchange cheques and other negotiable instruments drawn on each other within a specific area and thereby secure payment for their clients through the Clearing House at specified time in an efficient way.”
49-intercity clearing n local clearing?
In intercity clearing, clearing between cities are done while in local clearing, clearing is done within the city.
50-remittance department
“Remittance is transfer of funds from one place to another or from one person to another.”
Four parties involved in remittance:-
Remitter:-
One who initiates, or requests for a remittance. The remitter comes to the issuing or originating branch, asks for a remittance to be made, and deposits the money to be remitted. The bank charges him a commission for this service. He may or may not be the branch’s customer.
Remittee:-
A Remittee is also called the beneficiary, or the payee. The person in whose name the remittance is made. A remittee is also the one who receive the payment.
Issuing Bank:-
The bank that sends or affects the remittance, through demand drafts, telegraphic transfers, or Mail Transfers.
Paying Bank:-
Paying Bank also knows as the drawee branch. The branch on which the instrument is drawn. It has to make the payment (usually located in a different city country).
51-DD n PO definition and difference
Also define above.
52-cheque n DD ka difference
Cheque:
16-times interest earned ratio kis liye use hoti hy.
Time interest earned indicates whether the business has earned sufficient profits to pay its periodical interest liabilities or not.
EBIT / Interest Expense
Increasing Ratio is favorable for the bank because it may attract the investors.
Decreasing Ratio is not favorable for the bank because company has been less able to cover the interest on the debt.
17-Clearing functions
i. Stamps Put On the Cheques:-
When the cheques are presented in particular Branch to be deposited in their respective payee’s accounts, different stamps are put on cheques before their lodgment in outward clearing.
ii. Crossing the cheques:-
Crossing means two parallel lines, drawn across the face of the cheques with or without words written in between them. Crossing may be general or special. In clearing, cheques are crossed specially. Cheques are stamped with bank’s name between two parallel lines to constitute special crossing. After the cheques have been crossed specially, the holder cannot receive payment except through the banker named on the cheques crossing saves the instrument to go it in illegal hands. If, crossed cheques is lost or stolen, there is no risk involved. So it is an effective means of minimizing the risk of loss.
iii. Clearing Stamp:-
After the cheques have been crossed specially, clearing stamp is put on the cheques and other instruments, with the next date, so these cheques would have to be presented in their concerned drawee banks on the subsequent day.
iv. Endorsement Stamp:-
The word endorsement means anything written or printed on the back of an instrument. So endorsement stamp has to put with words “Payee’s account Credited .
v. National Institutional Facilitation Authority:-
After putting these three stamps on cheques & other negotiable instruments, they are sent to NIFT. NIFT after segregating the cheques of different banks delivers them to their concerned banks.
VI. SEND Report To The Bank:-
After delivering the cheques to different banks NIFT send report to Branch then the bank’s staff tally the amount of that report for its own record.
vii. Delivered Cheques to Respective Banks:-
Next morning, these cheques are delivered to the respective banks between 9:00 to 9:30AM. In the same manner, other banks present their clearing . Total number of cheques and their amount delivered to other banks and received from them are written on the Clearing House schedule branch for their payment. After proper scrutiny of cheques, verification of signatures and confirmation of balance in the account, the Officer Clearing Department Debit the customer Account. If any cheque is not passed due to insufficient balance or any other reason, Officer Cash Department returns the same cheque by attaching a cheque return memo containing reason for return.
viii. Credit the Customer Account:-
If the cheques are clear then credit the customer Account. If the bank receives the outward return due to any reason then this cheque is entered into the cheque returned register and bank charges are deducted according to the schedule of charges.
18-Different between demand draft and pay order?
Demand Drafts are used to make outstation payments or to transfer money, out of the city. Therefore, a DD is always made for a particular city whether Pay Orders are used to make payment or to transfer money, with in the same city. Pay Order is always drawn on the bank that has issued it.
19-brief question about cheque book issuance
Issuance of a Cheque book:-
After opening an A/C with the bank, the A/C holder receive a letter of thanks from Head Office Karachi then after receiving this letter client come to bank and makes a request in the name of bank for the issuance of a Cheque book. The A/C holder mentions title of A/C, A/C number, signs it properly. Normally a Cheque book having 25 leaves for Saving Account and 50 leaves Cheque Book to Current Account Holder. Every Cheque book also contains one leaf that is used for another issue of a Cheque book.
Entry of a Cheque book:-
Before issuance of a Cheque book, the employee performs certain functions. They include:
Ø Stamping requisition slip that is in Cheque book.
Ø Enters it in the Cheque book issue register.
Ø Check whether or not a senior officer has verified the signatures, if not then first gets them verified.
Ø After entry in the manual register, the employee issues the Cheque book to the A/C holder with his/her signature on the register.
20-Account opening procedure
The Account Opening Form:-
When a client comes to the bank, and makes a request for opening of an A/C. The officer says that first fill up a prescribed application form.
Completion of The Form:-
The name, occupation, and complete address of the person opening the account are written in the columns that are provided in the form. Signatures are obtained from the customer where it is required. These signatures should be usual signatures and he would operate the account with them.
Introduction:-
The introduction of a current account holder is accepted for the opening of either a current account or a saving account. The introducer should be Account Holder. The signature of the account-holder introducing the account is obtained at the place provided for in the account opening form.
Specimen Signature Card, Cheques Book Requisition, Online Form:-
The signatures of the client are obtained on a specimen Signature card Cheque book requisition and online form. These specimen signature cards are obtained in duplicate with two signatures on each card from the customer. Every time a Cheque is received for a payment from the client, the signature on the Cheque are verified by comparing them with the Specimen Signature Card.
Signature Difference Form:-
The signatures of the client are obtained on a signature difference form if his / her signatures differ from the computerized National Identity Card.
Vernacular Form:-
The signature of the customer is also obtained on the vernacular form if he / she signs in a language other than English.
Account Number:-
When all the formalities are completed then the final approval of account has to be taken from the Branch Manager. After obtaining approval of the branch manager an account number is allotted to the customer all the information is entered into the computer. Then that account number is written on the Cheque Book, Specimen Signature cards and account opening form.
Send the form to Head Office:-
After fulfill all the requirement and verify the form from operation manager the account opening form send to Head Office Karachi and make request to issue the printed cheque book.
21-Current Account min balance
22-Call Account
23-overdraft Account
24-Current Ratio
Current ratio determines the short term liquidity position of an entity.
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
25-why Acid Test Ratio is called Quick Ratio
It shows those assets which can be easily or quickly convertible into cash.
26-Interest Earned Ratio
Time interest earned indicates whether the business has earned sufficient profits to pay its periodical interest liabilities or not
EBIT / Interest Expense
Increasing Ratio is favorable for the bank because it may attract the investors.
Decreasing Ratio is not favorable for the bank because company has been less able to cover the interest on the debt
27-Debt to equity (explanation of component percentage)
Debt/equity ratio is a measure of financial leverage of a company calculated by dividing its total liabilities by stockholders' equity.
Total Liabilities / Total Shareholder Equity
Ideally, the banks want to see a ratio of 2:1, which equates to a 2.0 or less. As your ratios edge above this level the loan becomes a riskier proposition for the bank, and there is a good chance that your credit application will be declined.
28-What is the Net profit margin
This ratio shows profitability of the bank against it sales.
Profit after Tax / Net Sales x 100
29-What is the Assets turnover ratio
Asset turnover measures how effectively a business is using assets to generate sales.
Net Sales / Total assets
Increasing Ratio is good for Bank and companies
Decreasing Ratio is bad for bank and companies
30-Return on assets
ROA is measure of a company's profitability, equal to EBIT divided by its total assets, expressed as a percentage.
EBIT / Total Assets x 100
31-What is Operating Income Margin
Operating income margin is used to measure a company's pricing strategy and operating efficiency.
EBIT / Net Sales x 100
32-What is the difffence between EBIT and Operating Income margin
EBIT = earning before tax + interest expenses
Operating Income Margin = EBIT / Net Sales x 100
33-What is the formula of EBIT
EBIT = earning before tax + interest expenses
34-What is the formula of Operating Income Margin
Operating Income Margin = EBIT / Net Sales x 100
35-What is dupont return on Assets
Dupont ROA is an approach that determines the impact of asset turnover and profit margin on profits.
Net Income / Sales x Sales / Total Assets x 100
36-How do you differenceiate between dupont reuturn on assets and Operating Assets Turnover.
Dupont ROA is an approach that determines the impact of asset turnover and profit margin on profits.
Net Income / Sales x Sales / Total Assets x 100
The return on operating assets measure only includes in the denominator those assets actively used to create revenue.
EBIT / Operating Assets x 100
37-What is the formula of dupont return on Assets
Net Income / Sales x Sales / Total Assets x 100
38-Difference between Liquidity Ratio and Gearing Ratio:
Liquidity ratios measure a firm’s ability to meet its current obligations. These include:
Current Ratio
Acid Test Ratio (Quick Ratio)
Working capital
Leverage ratios also known as Gearing Ratio. These ratios measure the degree of protection of suppliers of long term funds. These include:
Times Interest Earned (Interest Coverage Ratio or Fixed Charged Coverage)
Ø Debt Ratio
Ø Debt / Equity Ratio
Ø Debt to Tangible Net worth Ratio
Ø Total Capitalization Ratio
39-Define Time Interest Earned Ratio:
Time interest earned indicates whether the business has earned sufficient profits to pay its periodical interest liabilities or not
EBIT / Interest Expense
Increasing Ratio is favorable for the bank because it may attract the investors.
Decreasing Ratio is not favorable for the bank because company has been less able to cover the interest on the debt
Your banker will be looking for your TIE ratio to be 2.0 or greater, showing that your business is earning the interest charges two or more times each year
40-What is EBIT?
EBIT means Earning before interest and tax.
EBIT = earning before tax + interest expenses
41-Difference between Net Profit and Return on Assets:
This ratio shows profitability of the bank against it sales.
Profit after Tax / Net Sales x 100
ROA is measure of a company's profitability, equal to EBIT divided by its total assets, expressed as a percentage.
EBIT / Total Assets x 100
42-Define the sale of Banks and its integral parts
43-What is Lease Payment
44-Define Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio
Times Interest Earned (Interest Coverage Ratio or Fixed Charged Coverage)
Time interest earned indicates whether the business has earned sufficient profits to pay its periodical interest liabilities or not
EBIT / Interest Expense
Increasing Ratio is favorable for the bank because it may attract the investors.
Decreasing Ratio is not favorable for the bank because company has been less able to cover the interest on the debt
Your banker will be looking for your TIE ratio to be 2.0 or greater, showing that your business is earning the interest charges two or more times each year
45-how banks done its operations in effective manners:
46-What are the operating fixed assets.
OPERATING ASSETS are long-term, or non-current, assets acquired for use in the business rather than for resale; includes property, plant, and equipment; intangible assets; and natural resources.
47-BBA Account n pls ka difference ?
The minimum initial deposit will be Rs.1000.
No profit will be Payable.
No fee (service charges) for maintaining such accounts will be charged.
There will be no limit for maintain minimum balance.
48-clearing
The word clearing has been derived from the word “clear” and is defined as:
“A system by which banks exchange cheques and other negotiable instruments drawn on each other within a specific area and thereby secure payment for their clients through the Clearing House at specified time in an efficient way.”
49-intercity clearing n local clearing?
In intercity clearing, clearing between cities are done while in local clearing, clearing is done within the city.
50-remittance department
“Remittance is transfer of funds from one place to another or from one person to another.”
Four parties involved in remittance:-
Remitter:-
One who initiates, or requests for a remittance. The remitter comes to the issuing or originating branch, asks for a remittance to be made, and deposits the money to be remitted. The bank charges him a commission for this service. He may or may not be the branch’s customer.
Remittee:-
A Remittee is also called the beneficiary, or the payee. The person in whose name the remittance is made. A remittee is also the one who receive the payment.
Issuing Bank:-
The bank that sends or affects the remittance, through demand drafts, telegraphic transfers, or Mail Transfers.
Paying Bank:-
Paying Bank also knows as the drawee branch. The branch on which the instrument is drawn. It has to make the payment (usually located in a different city country).
51-DD n PO definition and difference
Also define above.
52-cheque n DD ka difference
Cheque:
· “A cheque is a bill of exchange drawn on a specified banker and not expressed to payable otherwise than on demand”.
· Checque may be dishonor.
· Cheque issued by a person.
· Cheque may be issued intercity or out city payments.
DD:
· DD not dishonor it is a confirmed payment.
· DD issued by a bank.
· DD issued for out of city payments.
53-DD kaise safe mode payment he.
Demand Drafts are used to make outstation payments or to transfer money, out of the city. D.D minimizes the risk. D.D is the banker’s instrument;
bank issued the draft after verifying the status of account of party who is
making this note in the favor of other party. After issuing the draft now it’s banks responsibility to pay the cash to the party.
54-current ratio ka bench mark
Benchmark Rate:
2:1 for companies
1.5:1 for Banks
55-explain current ratio
Current ratio determines the short term liquidity position of an entity
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
56-Disadvantages of current ratio if it is high
If current assets are high and current liabilities are low it shows the company has ability to meet its short term obligation which indicates the strong financial position of the company. If current assets are low and liabilities are high it shows that company has not ability to meet its short term obligation and company can go in liquidation.
57-Tell us the range of debt to equity ratio, If debt is 10% and equity is 90% then whether it is fav or not?
It show 0.1: 0.9 which is not favor able for banks.
Ideally, the banks want to see a ratio of 2:1, which equates to a 2.0 or less. As your ratios edge above this level the loan becomes a riskier proposition for the bank, and there is a good chance that your credit application will be declined.
58-Explain stock items and their quantity?
59-What is your recommendation according to ratio analysis?
60-Explain Acid test ratio and how much it is fav for company?
Acid test ratio determines to see the organization liquidity position by subtracting inventory and prepaid expenses.
Quick Assets / Current Liabilities
Benchmark Rate:
1:1 for companies
1:1 for Banks
If above to benchmark rate it’s favourable for organizations. (Current Assets after subtracting prepayments are more than Current liabilities)
If below to 1 is not favourable for organizations (Current Liabilities are more than Current assets after subtracting prepayments)
61-If Asset is exit in terms of cash so it is fav or not?
62-difference b/w account opening form and kyc form?
63-Then they ask what is main thing in the CNIC we check
The main thing is check the expiry date of CNIC.
64-where it can be cheked that the CNIC of the customer is fake or not
Verify from the NADRA office.
65-then he asked me what is photo a/c
This account is mostly opened for uneducated persons. In order to open this account the bank issued the two photographs of the respected persons. The account holder (Shaggy Sign) along with the introducer singed it. As the name implies so only the account holder could operate the account.
66-how u calculate the ebit
EBIT = earning before tax + interest expenses
67-main liability of the bank
The main liability of a bank is Customer deposits.
68-if 0.9010 show the debt then where is the equity
The 0.9010 show 90% debt and it means 10% equity which equate 0.10.
69-suppose debt ratio 5: 1 it is good or not
70-diffrence between Demand draft and pay order
Also define above.
71-difrence between inward and outward clearing
Also define above.
72-the requirmenst of account opening
Demand Drafts are used to make outstation payments or to transfer money, out of the city. D.D minimizes the risk. D.D is the banker’s instrument;
bank issued the draft after verifying the status of account of party who is
making this note in the favor of other party. After issuing the draft now it’s banks responsibility to pay the cash to the party.
54-current ratio ka bench mark
Benchmark Rate:
2:1 for companies
1.5:1 for Banks
55-explain current ratio
Current ratio determines the short term liquidity position of an entity
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
56-Disadvantages of current ratio if it is high
If current assets are high and current liabilities are low it shows the company has ability to meet its short term obligation which indicates the strong financial position of the company. If current assets are low and liabilities are high it shows that company has not ability to meet its short term obligation and company can go in liquidation.
57-Tell us the range of debt to equity ratio, If debt is 10% and equity is 90% then whether it is fav or not?
It show 0.1: 0.9 which is not favor able for banks.
Ideally, the banks want to see a ratio of 2:1, which equates to a 2.0 or less. As your ratios edge above this level the loan becomes a riskier proposition for the bank, and there is a good chance that your credit application will be declined.
58-Explain stock items and their quantity?
59-What is your recommendation according to ratio analysis?
60-Explain Acid test ratio and how much it is fav for company?
Acid test ratio determines to see the organization liquidity position by subtracting inventory and prepaid expenses.
Quick Assets / Current Liabilities
Benchmark Rate:
1:1 for companies
1:1 for Banks
If above to benchmark rate it’s favourable for organizations. (Current Assets after subtracting prepayments are more than Current liabilities)
If below to 1 is not favourable for organizations (Current Liabilities are more than Current assets after subtracting prepayments)
61-If Asset is exit in terms of cash so it is fav or not?
62-difference b/w account opening form and kyc form?
63-Then they ask what is main thing in the CNIC we check
The main thing is check the expiry date of CNIC.
64-where it can be cheked that the CNIC of the customer is fake or not
Verify from the NADRA office.
65-then he asked me what is photo a/c
This account is mostly opened for uneducated persons. In order to open this account the bank issued the two photographs of the respected persons. The account holder (Shaggy Sign) along with the introducer singed it. As the name implies so only the account holder could operate the account.
66-how u calculate the ebit
EBIT = earning before tax + interest expenses
67-main liability of the bank
The main liability of a bank is Customer deposits.
68-if 0.9010 show the debt then where is the equity
The 0.9010 show 90% debt and it means 10% equity which equate 0.10.
69-suppose debt ratio 5: 1 it is good or not
70-diffrence between Demand draft and pay order
Also define above.
71-difrence between inward and outward clearing
Also define above.
72-the requirmenst of account opening
1-What is Outward and Inward clearing
2-what is bearer cheque?
3-What is clearing stamp n why we put this stamp?
4-What is crossing?
5-what the mean of these two lines .....?
6-What is DD?
7-When we use pay order n for what
8-What is next of kin?
9-Do you know about KYC ...its a card or product? 10-What is AOF by the way?
11- What is gearing ratio?
12-tell me the Bench mark of capitalization ratio ?
13-what is sales of bank ?
14-What the deference between services and sales?
15-financial statements ki kitni typed hoti hain
Answer : there are four types of financial statements:
1) income statement
2)statement of owner equity
3)balance sheet
4)statements of cash flows
(fin 621, page no. 01)
16-times interest earned ratio kis liye use hoti hy.
17-Clearing functions
18-Different between demand draft and pay order
19-brief question about cheque book issuance
20-Account opening procedure
21-Current Account min balance
22-Call Account
23-overdraft Account
24-Current Ratio
25-why Acid Test Ratio is called Quick Ratio
26-Interest Earned Ratio
27-Debt to equity( explination of component percentage)
28-What is the Net profit margin
29-What is the difference between Assets turnover ratio or 30-Return on assets
31-What is Operating Income Margin
32-What is the difffence between EBIT and Operating Income margin
33-What is the formula of EBIT
34-What is the formula of Operating Income Margin
35-What is dupont return on Assets
36-How do you differenceiate between dupont reuturn on assets and Operating Assets Turnover.
37-What is the formula of dupont return on Assets
38-Difference between Liquidity Ratio and Gearing Ratio:
39-Define Time Interest Earned Ratio:
40-What is EBIT?
41-Difference between Net Profit and Return on Assets:
42-Define the sale of Banks and its integral parts
43-What is Lease Payment
44-Define Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio
45-how banks done its operations in effective manners:
46-What are the operating fixed assets.
47-BBA Account n pls ka difference ?
48-clearing
49-intercity clearing n local clearing?
50-remittance department
51-DD n PO definition and difference
52-cheque n DD ka difference
53-DD kaise safe mode payment he.
54-current ratio ka bench mark
55-explain current ratio
56-Disadvantages of current ratio if it is high
57-Tell us the range of debt to equity ratio, If debt is 10% and equity is 90% then whether it is fav or not?
58-Explain stock items and their quantity?
59-What is your recommendation according to ratio analysis?
60-Explain Acid test ratio and how much it is fav for company?
61-If Asset is exit in terms of cash so it is fav or not?
62-difference b/w account opening form and kyc form?
63-Then they ask what is main thing in the CNIC we check
64-where it can be cheked that the CNIC of the customer is fake or not
65-then he asked me what is photo a/c
66-how u calculate the ebit
67-main liability of the bank
68-if 0.9010 show the debt then where is the equity
69-suppose debt ratio 5: 1 it is good or not
70-diffrence between Demand draft and pay order
71-difrence between inward and outward clearing
72-the requirements of account opening
73-what is meant by next kin
74-what is SS card
75-how many signatures are taken on SS card
76-what is general and special crossing
77-where dividend is taken in dividend ratio
