CS504 VU Midterm Current Papers Fall 2011 of Virtual University of Paksitan (www.vusolutions.com)
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20 MCQ's thay jo past paper main sy ni thay
Q1= peter methodology sy koch sentence ko true statement batani thi
Q2=peter methodology sy ak paragraph sy 2 object batnay thay
Q3= ak diagram thi us main object or message batna tha
Q4= ak coding wala sawal tha
Q5= AS a software engineer batain sequence diagram or collaboration diagram kis jaga use krain gy
Q6=koch statements sy ture statement batani thain
Another Papers:
Cs504- Software Engineering-I
Syed M. Umair Saulat
Mc100403250
Time 8.00 AM at North Nazimabad Campus Karachi
Time : 60 minutes
Total Question 26
MCQs 21
Short Question 5
What are architectural designs Process, explain briefly?
System structuring: -
System structuring is concerned with decomposing the system into interacting sub-systems. The system is decomposed into
several principal sub-systems and communications between these sub-systems are identified
Control modeling:- Control modeling establishes a model of the control relationships between the different parts of the
system.
Modular decomposition:- During this activity, the identified sub-systems are decomposed into modules. This design process is
further elaborated in the following section where architectural views are discussed.
What is action-oriented approach for Software Design?
Answer:
In the case of action-oriented approach, data is decomposed according to functionality requirements. That is, decomposition
revolves around function. In the OO approach, decomposition of a problem revolves around data. Action-oriented paradigm
focuses only on the functionality of a system and typically ignores the data until it is required. Object- oriented paradigm
focuses both on the functionality and the data at the same time. The basic difference between these two is decentralized
control mechanism versus centralized control mechanism respectively. Decentralization gives OO the ability to handle
essential complexity better than action-oriented approach.
Define cohesion.
Answer:
Cohesion is an internal property of a module. Cohesion describes the intra-component linkages while couple shows the inter-
component linkages. Cohesion measures the independence of a module.
What is OOP
Answer:
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming language model organized around "objects" rather than "actions" and data
rather than logic. Historically, a program has been viewed as a logical procedure that takes input data, processes it, and
produces output data.
What is the difference between Aggregation and Association?
Answer:-
As compared to association, aggregation implies a tighter coupling between the two objects which are involved in this
relationship. Therefore, one way to differentiate between aggregation and association is that if the two objects are tightly
coupled, that is, if they cannot exist independently, it is an aggregation, and if they are usually considered as
independent, it is an association.
CS504 VU Midterm Current Papers Fall 2011 of Virtual University of Paksitan (www.vusolutions.com)
Fall 2011 Latest Papers (7 Current Papers)***
*Papers Number 01***
*Define: Data , **Documentation** , Program***
*Cruise missile **scenario better fire which kind of design parameters are used for better work?***
In some software the *efficiency* is more important and desirable. For example if we talk about a cruise missile or a nuclear
reactor controller that are droved by the software systems then performance and reliability is far more important than the
cost-effectiveness and user-friendliness. In these cases if your software does not react within a certain amount of time
then it may result in the disaster like Chernobyl accident.
*After the analyzing you consider that the **cost and efficiency conflict **of a software then what you suggest to tackle
this situation? Give three best ways?***
Law of diminishing returns shall be adopted.
*Write three **types of messages **in sequence diagrams: 21-lec***
Sequence diagrams can depict many different types of messages. These are: synchronous or simple, asynchronous, create, and
destroy. The following diagram shows the notation and types of arrows used for these different message types.
Question No: 11 (Marks: 2)
*Suppose you are working as a software engineer involved in the development of an e-commerce website.** What are the 2 most
important characteristics your software must have? *
Answer:- (Software engineering ---Page 797 )
Two most important characteristics are that software should be reliable and useable.
Then security is also concern
*Papers Number 02***
Question No: 3 ( Marks: -- )
*HOW DO YOU DETERMINE THAT AN OBJECTIVE BELONGS TO CERTAIN CLASS?** *
Answer:- (Page 85)
The basic unit of object oriented design is an object. An object can be defined as a tangible entity that exhibits some well
defined behavior. The structure and behavior of similar objects are defined in their common class. A class specifies an
interface and defines an implementation.
*What is the difference between Aggregation and Association?** *
Answer:- (Page 87)
As compared to association, aggregation implies a tighter coupling between the two objects which are involved in this
relationship. Therefore, one way to differentiate between aggregation and association is that if the two objects are tightly
coupled, that is, if they cannot exist independently, it is an aggregation, and if they are usually considered as
independent, it is an association.
*Q2) What is meant by"**System's Static **View"?***
*Relationship Among Objects***
The object model presents a static view of the system and illustrates how different objects collaborate with one another
through patterns of interaction. Inheritance, association and aggregation are the three inter-object relationships specified
by the object model.
Inheritance defines a "kind of" hierarchy among classes. By inheritance, we specify generalization/specialization
relationship among objects. In this relationship, a class (called the subclass) shares the structure and behavior defined in
another class (called the superclass). A subclass augments or redefines the existing structure and behavior of its
superclass. By classifying objects into groups of related abstractions, we come to explicitly distinguish the common and
distinct properties of different objects, which further help us to master their inherent complexity. Identifying the
hierarchy within a complex system requires the discovery of patterns among many objects.
In an association relationship, when object A "uses" object B, then A may send messages to B. The relationship defines
visibility among objects.
The aggregation relationship defines part-of structure among objects. When object A is part of the state of object B, A is
said to be contained by B. There are some tradeoffs between aggregation and association relationships. Aggregation reduces
the number of objects that must be visible at the level of enclosing objects and may lead to undesirable tighter coupling
among objects.
*Differentiate between Association and Aggregation ?***
*Association and Aggregation - Some basic differences***
Objects do not exist in isolation. They rather collaborate with one another in many different ways to achieve an overall
goal. The different types of relationships in which these objects are involved include association, aggregation, and
inheritance. Briefly, inheritance denotes a "kind of" relationship, aggregation denotes a "part of" relationship, and
association denotes some semantic connection among otherwise unrelated classes.
Any further elaboration on inheritance relationship is beyond the scope of this discussion and therefore we shall concentrate
on agrregation and association relationships only.
As mentioned earlier, aggregation is the "part-whole" or "a-part-of" relationship in which objects representing the
components of something are encapsulated within an object representing the entire assembly. In other words, the whole is
meaningless without its parts and the part cannot exist without its container or assembly.
*What is behavior driven perceptive of an objective?** *
Answer:- (Page 85)
Behavior is how an object acts and reacts in terms of its state changes and message passing. The behavior of an object is
completely defined by its actions. A message is some action that one object performs upon another in order to elicit a
reaction. The operations that clients may perform upon an object are called methods.
*What is textual analysis?** *
*Object-Oriented Analysis using Abbot's Textual Analysis***
The first object-orientation technique that we will study is one of the oldest techniques to identify objects and their
relationships. This technique is called *Textual Analysis*. It was initially developed by *Abbot * and then extended by
*Graham and others.* In this technique different parts of speech are identified within the text of the specification and
these parts are modeled using different components.
*Q5) What is **Software Architecture** **?***
Answer:- (Page 116)
Architecture is the organizational structure of a system. Architecture can be recursively decomposed into parts that interact
through interfaces, relationships that connect parts, and constraints for assembling parts. Parts that interact through
interfaces include classes, components and subsystems.
What do we mean by software architecture?
Unfortunately, there is yet no single universally accepted definition. Nor is there a shortage of proposed definition
candidates.
The term is interpreted and defined in many different ways. At the essence of all the discussion about software architecture,
however, is a focus on reasoning about the structural issues of a system. And although architecture is sometimes used to mean
a certain architectural style, such as client-server, and sometimes used to refer to a field of study, it is most often used
to describe structural aspects of a particular system.
Before looking at the definitions for the software architecture, it is important to understand how a software system is
defined. It is important because many definitions of software architecture make a reference to software systems.
*According to UML 1.3,* a system is a collection of connected units that are organized to accomplish a specific purpose. A
system can be described by one or more models, possibly from different viewpoints. IEEE Std. 610.12-1990 defines a system as
a collection of components organized to accomplish a specific function or set of functions.
That is, a system is defined as an organized set of connected components to accomplish the specified tasks.
Let us now look at some of the software architecture definitions from some of the most influential writers and groups in the
field.
*UML 1.3:***
Architecture is the organizational structure of a system. An architecture can be recursively decomposed into parts that
interact through interfaces, relationships that connect parts, and constraints for assembling parts. Parts that interact
through interfaces include classes, components and subsystems.
*IEEE Glossary***
Architectural design: The process of defining a collection of hardware and software components and their interfaces to
establish the framework for the development of a computer system
*Q6) What is the **Cardinality **of Objective**?***
Answer :- (Software engineering ---Page 334 )
*Cardinality.* The data model must be capable of representing the number of occurrences Objects in a given relationship.
Tillmann [TIL93] defines the cardinality of an object/relationship pair in the following manner:
*One-to-one (l:l)*—One occurrence of [object] 'A' can relate to one and only one occurrence of [object] 'B,' and an
occurrence of 'B' can relate to only one occurrence of 'A.'
*One-to-many (l:N)—*One occurrence of [object] 'A' can relate to one or many occurrences of [object]'B,' but an occurrence of
'B' can relate to only one occurrence of 'A.' *For example, a mother can have many children, but a child can have only one
mother.*
*Many-to-many (M:N)—*An occurrence of [object] 'A' can relate to one or more occurrences of 'B,' while an occurrence of 'B'
can relate to one or more occurrences of 'A.' *For example, an uncle can have many nephews, while a nephew can have many
uncles.*
*Abstraction and encapsulation***
Abstraction and encapsulation are complementary concepts.
*Abstraction* provides the outside view to the client and encapsulation prevents clients from seeing its inside view. For
abstraction to work, implementation must be encapsulated.
*Encapsulation* hides the details of the implementation of an object. Intelligent encapsulation localizes design decisions
that are likely to change. The ability to change the representation of an object without disturbing any of its clients is the
essential benefit of encapsulation.
*Papers Number 03***
*Q1.Is the design of software architecture a iterative process? ( Marks 2)***
*Answer:* Just like any other design activity, design of software architecture is a creative and iterative process. This
involves performing a number of activities, not necessarily in any particular order or sequence. These include system
structuring, control modeling, and modular decomposition.
*What is textual analysis?** *
*Answer:*
*Object-Oriented Analysis using Abbot's Textual Analysis***
The first object-orientation technique that we will study is one of the oldest techniques to identify objects and their
relationships. This technique is called *Textual Analysis*. It was initially developed by *Abbot * and then extended by
*Graham and others.* In this technique different parts of speech are identified within the text of the specification and
these parts are modeled using different components. The following table shows this scheme.
*Q3. Think about any sales point and write the atteribute and serivses of "sale" object? ( Marks 3)** *
*Answer:*
Innovative Question , Solve it by yourself , with regard to Coad Methodology.
*Q4. If we matain **a **part of code **there is no effect **on other part .
What u say this kind of Code and wath principal is used for making this
code? ( Marks 3)** *
*Answer:***
*Q5. In which **situation **we can use **collaboration diagram **and sequence diagram**? ( Marks 5)** *
*Answer:*
*Q6. define aggregate and Narate the 2 examples of agreegate in real Life? ( Marks 5)***
*Answer:*
As mentioned earlier, aggregation is the "part-whole" or "a-part-of" relationship in which objects representing the
components of something are encapsulated within an object representing the entire assembly. In other words, the whole is
meaningless without its parts and the part cannot exist without its container or assembly.
*Papers Number 04***
*What are architectural designs Process, explain briefly?***
*Answer:*
*System structuring: -*
System structuring is concerned with decomposing the system into interacting sub-systems. The system is decomposed into
several principal sub-systems and communications between these sub-systems are identified
*Control modeling:-* Control modeling establishes a model of the control relationships between the different parts of the
system.
*Modular decomposition:-* During this activity, the identified sub-systems are decomposed into modules. This design process
is further elaborated in the following section where architectural views are discussed.
*What is action-oriented approach for Software Design?***
* Answer:*
In the case of action-oriented approach, data is decomposed according to functionality requirements. That is, decomposition
revolves around function. In the OO approach, decomposition of a problem revolves around data. Action-oriented paradigm
focuses only on the functionality of a system and typically ignores the data until it is required. Object-oriented paradigm
focuses both on the functionality and the data at the same time. The basic difference between these two is decentralized
control mechanism versus centralized control mechanism respectively. Decentralization gives OO the ability to handle
essential complexity better than action-oriented approach.
*Define cohesion.***
*Answer:*
Cohesion is an internal property of a module. Cohesion describes the intra-component linkages while couple shows the inter-
component linkages.Cohesion measures the independence of a module.
*What is OOP***
*Answer:*
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming language model organized around "objects" rather than "actions" and data
rather than logic. Historically, a program has been viewed as a logical procedure that takes input data, processes it, and
produces output data.
*What is the difference between Aggregation and Association?***
*Answer:-*
As compared to association, aggregation implies a tighter coupling between the two objects which are involved in this
relationship. Therefore, one way to differentiate between aggregation and association is that if the two objects are tightly
coupled, that is, if they cannot exist independently, it is an aggregation, and if they are usually considered as
independent, it is an association.
*Paper Number 05***
*Q1= peter methodology sy koch sentence ko true statement batani thi*
*Q2=peter methodology sy ak paragraph sy 2 object batnay thay*
*Q3= ak diagram thi us main object or message batna tha*
*Q4= ak coding wala sawal tha*
*Q5= As a software engineer batain sequence diagram or collaboration diagram kis jaga use krain gy*
*Q6=koch statements sy ture statement batani thain*
*Paper Number 06*
20 mcqs
*peter cod main say question tha*
*ak statement di hoi thi us main say object btanay thay using methdolog abstraction tha*
*peter cod walay main say ak or tha*
*methods btanay thay to analyze software quality*
*ak ajeeb sa question tha ,wo main nay nahi kiya , mara paper to buhat acha hoa*
*Paper Number 07
*Q No. 01**Identify Objects in the given figure. 2 Marks*
*Define Coupling? 2 Marks*
*To write a maintainable code which factors /issues , which design code ,should kept in mind*
*While defining the attributes of an object which point should should be kept in mind.state at least 3 with examples….3
Marks*
*Fill in the blanks with suitable words. 5 Marks*
Encapsulation
Multiple Inheritance
Classes/Class
Association.
*Explain the Whole Part in the following figure.*
*Sale|>--------------------|Sale Line Items. 5 Marks*
