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Assignment No. 2 (Spring 2012)

English Comprehension (ENG101) 

Total Marks: 15

Due Date: 03.05.2012

Q 1 Define the following terms and give an example for each. (5)

i. Hasty generalization

ii. False Cause

Q 2 Read the given statements and determine if these are Facts (F) or Opinions (O).

(5)

1. Many people order pepperoni on their pizzas.

2. Basketball is more interesting to watch than golf.

3. Flowers bloom in the spring and summer months.

4. Exercising outdoors is more fun than exercising indoors.

5. Daisies are the prettiest of all flowers.

Q 3- Fill in the blanks with the help of appropriate choices. (5)

1- The question of purpose of writer is closely related the matter of ………………

Attitude.

tone

style

opinion

2- ----------- is the most important skill you will need for success in your studies.

Reading

Writing

Listening

Speaking

3- Authors and their works are …………………

complex

simple

biased

fair

4- The writer can indicate his character through the words he put into his character’s …………..

mind

knowledge

mouth

experience

5- As biasness is unavoidable while writing, writers do try to remain as …………..as possible.

objective

subjective

comprehensive

neutral

idea solution

Q1-

Hasty Generalization: Making assumptions about a whole group based on a sample.

Examples: 

· My roomates said physics class was hard, and the one I'm in hard too. All physics must be hard.

· "Our English teacher made us ready read some poetry last year, and it was really boring. I know now that I will never like poetry"

False cause: The fallacy committed when an argument mistakenly attempt to establish a causal connection.

Examples:

· He met an accident because it was Friday the 13th.

· The power went out because I answered the doorbell.

· My neighbor walks by my window in the morning because I have finished my breakfast. 

· "Napoleon became a great emperor because he was so short."

Q2-

1. Opinion

2. Opinion

3. Fact

4. Opinion

5. Opinion

Q3-

1. Tone

2. Reading

3.complex

4. mind

5. neutral 

Why it is important to protect against computer viruses?

Solution:

Computer viruses have a variety of disadvantages, and the fact they have no advantages means they should be avoided at all costs. A computer virus is a malware infection which can harm your computer by altering or destroying parts or all of your software system. It is created using a collection of dangerous files, which can be attached to various, downloads and even website cookies. This means computer users, if unlucky or careless, could easily contract a virus onto their computer without realizing. Computer viruses can be avoided with the use of ant-virus protection software. Read the following points to learn more about the disadvantages and dangers of the computer virus.

• Loss of software functioning

When a malware virus infects your computer, it is highly likely it will alter your software in such a way that you are unable to access certain computer functions. For instance, you will probably be unable to access to the Internet. Additionally, it is likely you will not be able to reset your computer or change the settings. This is because the creators of the virus don't want you to be able to get rid of it. They will do all they can to stop you researching methods of how to rid yourself of the virus and carrying them out.

• Exploitation of vulnerable people

Most computer viruses are created by Internet criminals looking to make money out of people. The virus is likely to show messages stating there is a problem with the computer, which can be fixed by providing a payment to a repairs company. Of course, in reality this 'company' is the criminal, and the payment will not rid the software of the virus. However, those with little computer experience may not realize this, and could provide a payment.

So it is mush Important to Protect against computer Viruses.

Question No 2: Marks 5

Search over internet and write a note about USB port and its usages.

Solution:

A USB port is a standard cable connection interface on personal computers and consumer electronics. USB ports allow stand-alone electronic devices to be connected via cables to a computer (or to each other).

Many types of consumer electronics support USB interfaces. These types of equipment are most commonly used for computer networking:

• USB network adapters

• USB broadband and cellular modems for Internet access

• USB printers to be shared on a home network

For computer-to-computer file transfers without a network, USB keysare also sometimes used to copy files between devices.

Multiple USB devices can also be connected to each other using a USB hub. A USB hub plugs into one USB port and contains additional ports for other devices to connect subsequently.

Connect two devices directly with one USB cable by plugging each end into a USB port. If using a USB hub, plug a separate cable into each device and connect them to the hub individually.

You may plug cables into a USB port at any time regardless of whether the devices involved are powered on or off. However, do not remove cables from a USB port arbitrarily, as this can lose or corrupt data. Follow instructions provided with your equipment before unplugging USB cables.

Many PCs feature more than one USB port, but do not plug both ends of a cable into the same device, as this can cause electrical damage. 

Note: ITs just an idea .Donot copy
Celebrity endorsements are double-edged swords. If Kyrie will stay "clean" -- on the up-and-up, connecting a celebrity with a brand could provide a great notoriety boost. If he will get in legal trouble or is caught in an embarrassing situation, however, crisis communication becomes Priority 1 for the brand.

If you engage a celebrity in branding:
1) research that person's fit or relationship with your product/service;
2) investigate his/her public image and reputation;
3) always have a crisis plan in place.

Be prepared for every situation and you could well benefit from celebrity endorsement.

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The role of the brand ambassador is to transcend all aspects of the brand. One of the most important factor that attracts consumer’s mind is psychological factors such as motivation, perception, learning, believes and attitude. And these are the factors that a brand ambassador influences. Brand having successful association with its Ambassador sometime translates into stronger brand awareness campaign than millions of rupees spent on other marketing efforts such as advertising and promotion.

These people have such a strong impact of personalities that people sometime use brand ambassadors as a “tool” for their product, like we seen the case of Junaid Jamshed clarifying Lays issue when it was hit by the accusation of using haram contents in its manufacturing.

If the consumer feels that the brand ambassador is the brand itself then there is nothing better than that and that will not be possible until and unless there is exclusivity in your selection. Consumers are willing to pay extra for a good service where the employees represent the brand wholeheartedly and hence enhance the brand equity and create a win-win relation. Many product brands are now shrugging of the albatross around their necks of the brand ambassadors and using its consumers or a seemingly normal person as its brand ambassadors. We have seen Dove doing it and Maggi and KurKure do the same with the faces of consumers on its packages.

It is advisable to opt for better ideas more than secondary associations. Incase, companies feel that they need a brand ambassador they should adopt a brand character. If they are still dissatisfied then they should opt for credible, exclusive as well as zero cost marketing assets like consumers and employees to be their brand ambassadors. It will create long term brand equity and better “hard-to-attack” points of differences.

Pakistani private electronic media play an important role in the live coverage of every event. They provided the news of every event with in mint or in time to time. But to cover every event they violate some media ethics that are important to cover or report the news. Some time they go to win the race of “we are first channel who give the news of this event”. Although it a responsibility of media to present the fact and figure of the news in the objective form. But to present the news about victims of bomb blast, or showing violence it give bad effect on the views. As we know the one picture is equal of the 1000 word. The picture has the more effect than the words. Showing violence on television enhances the aggression in youth. And the sensationalism also gives the more bad effect on the views mind. Media present the news with include the element of the sensational to enhance the news and make more attractive their reported news. Views did not understand what real happen and by to give more attention to understand the viewers feel more stress on their mind. Because people nowadays only want to release their own tension to watch television and want to know little bit about what happen around them.

Present this type of the news the aggression or violence level increase in the youth and more instability occur. And also it increases more

MGT501 - Human Resource Management

Friday, April 27, 2012

The ABC Company had announced an ambitious expansion program, which included increasing production capacity and doubling the work force in less than five years in 2007. At the time of wage revision, the management designed a two-tier structure: existing employees will be eligible for a higher salary, and those who are recruited fresh will get a lower salary – though job description and job specification are the same. The management argued that this is the best policy and is widely followed in deregulated companies abroad.

Requirement:

In your opinion, is it a fair policy or not (regarding existing and fresh employees); discuss with proper arguments.

..................

Solution:

its a fair decision because 

fresh graduates lack of experience 

need training 

unaware of organizational working criteria 

whereas exiting employees 

are experienced 

well aware of working criteria of the organization 

management can delegate their authorities to them and more reliable 

they dont need special training for routine tasks...

.......................

ABC company is deregulated company and can have its self made wage policy. Coporates and management have decided to pay new employees less salaries than existing employees because existing employees have greater work experience , skills and practices. Company is paying employees on the basis of their potential so policy is fair.

...............

according to me when old are controlling everything then what need arise to newly appointerx.... and if the salry are low then their work efficiency also decrease and they cannot achieve the targets .. i thnk its unfair policy...

.............

I'll Go with the decision of that it is fair decision. because, !st of all old employees have more experience. 2nd they need not to train, further, also the fresh employees are looking to some other jobs and that may resin this job, but the old employees have no chance to go further.

....................

Here is my answer: The Decision is fare. First of all the old employees have more experience and they need not to train further, so the expenses of training the Fresh employees will be adjusted with their lower salaries. Secondly old employees have more expenses rather than fresh employees; they are nearly retired so with the higher salary they work with more ambition. Another reason is when fresh employees feel that they are lowered salaried, so they work hard for the improvement of their salary and Respect their older employees more and will learn from them ambitiously.

...............

During an interview it’s up to the interviewee how to handle the question; either it’s a stress interview or another one. Communication becomes very important while giving interview. Interviewee must ignore the interviewer’s tantrums and his aggressive behavior and keep himself focused on answering the question to the best of his ability. In the above scenario the interviewer asked stress question again and again just to check the person’s ability to handle the stress situation and to know either this person can work under pressure or not. So the interviewee must not show the anger but handle the question with patience and calm behavior by telling them how he is suitable for the post and why he want to change the current job.a

Mgt601 GDB No. 1 Solution Spring 2012

Last Date: 27 April 2012

M/S ABC Limited, an Industrial garment and small equipment leasing company is doing business since 1964 in Faisalabad. Its business strategy involves occasionally bidding violently on multipart, innovative, or impulsive lease opportunities. These bidding and consequent negotiation know-how’s provided M/S ABC Ltd. with inimitable and leverage able knowledge and at the same time, reducing prospects for competitors to achieve the same knowledge.

Through this excellent business strategy M/S ABC Ltd. has acquired two significant and viable competitive advantages:

a) Investing in its strategic knowledge platform

b) Learning enough about particular clients to competitively and profitably price leases for future opportunities with the same client

Frequently, adequate mutual learning occurred between M/S ABC Ltd. and the client that the client contracted the company for future leases without even going out for competitive bids .Thus, M/S ABC Ltd. created a sustainable (or renewable) knowledge-based barrier to competition.

Being a student of this subject, you are required to explain the reliable powers of KM at numerous levels within organizations.

SOLUTION:

The Large companies can play a vital role for the developement of SME. It can help small companies by providing Loans for expansion of their business asusually the small companies creates a bye-products for the large companies. The Large Companies can help small companis in development of high quality products and providing Skills employees to them

.......................

large manufacturing units help the SME sector by.

1) Giving their scrap as Raw material.

2) Franchising.

3)Supplies by providing financial help.

4) Encourage them to become their subsidaries.

5) Price support.

.................

The Large companies can play a vital role for the developement of SME.

It can help small companies by providing Loans for expansion of their business asusually the small companies creates a bye-products for the large companies.

The Large Companies can help small companis in development of high qualityproducts and providing Skills employees to them.

CS408_Assignment# 2 spring 2012 Solution

Design the software to support a computerized banking network including both human cashiers and automatic teller machines (ATMs) to be shared by a consortium of banks. Each bank provides its own computer to maintain its own accounts and process transactions against them. Cashier stations are owned by individual banks and communicate directly with their own banks computers. Human cashiers enter account and transaction data. Automatic teller machines communicate with a central computer which clears transactions with the appropriate banks. An automatic teller machine accepts (snow) a cash card, interacts with the user, communicates with the central system to carry out the transaction, dispenses cash, and prints receipts. The system requires appropriate record-keeping and security provisions. The system must handle concurrent accesses to the same account correctly. The banks will provide their own software for their own computers; you are to design the software for the ATMs and the network. The cost of the shared system will be apportioned to the banks according to the number of customers with cash cards.

ü  What can be the possible steps taken to focus the attention of the user during using ATM.

Focus your attention on ATM screen and take due care in the selection ofbuttons (touch the parallel area in case the screen is sensor one) to ensure theexecution of vu solutions dot com desired transaction / funds transfer. Before pressing / touchingthe keyboard button enter the required information cautiously. If you pressed /touched wrong button then transaction reversal is not possible

ü  Suggest a conceptual model with more advanced features to the handicap users (i.e. Blind ) 

ü  Suggest some other authentication mechanism other than entering pin code.

Finger expression, signatures

ü  Highlight the disadvantages of poor understanding about the ATM system.

Current Ratio is a liquidity ratio that measures company's ability to pay its debt over the 

next 12 months or its business cycle. Current Ratio formula is:

Current ratio is a financial ratio that measures whether or not a company has enough resources to pay its debt over the next business cycle (usually 12 months) by comparing  firm's current assets to its current liabilities.

Acceptable current ratio values vary from industry to industry. Generally, a current ratio of  2:1 is considered to be acceptable. The higher the current ratio is, the more capable the  company is to pay its obligations. Current ratio is also affected by seasonality.

If current ratio is bellow 1 (current liabilities exceed current assets), then the company may  have problems paying its bills on time. However, low values do not indicate a critical  problem but should concern the management. One exception to the rule is considered fastfood industry because the inventory turns over much more rapidly than the accounts  payable becoming due.

Current ratio gives an idea of company's operating efficiency. A high ratio indicates "safe"  liquidity, but also it can be a signal that the company has problems getting paid on its  receivable or have long inventory turnover, both symptoms that the company may not be  efficiently using its current assets.

Current Ratio is the liquidity ratio and shows company's ability to pay its debt over the  accounting period. Current depicts whether or not a company has enough resources to pay  its debt over the next accounting period by comparing firm's current assets to its current  liabilities

..................

Solution:

The type of span of control is "wider", because the employees are experienced and have authorities.

The number of hierarchies would be few or very small in number due to the wider span of control and such an experienced workforce is useful when the layers of organizational structure are less, as this helps in closely linked workforce network.

write on these points and you will have the complete assignment, also learn about wider span of control and hierarchical levels in organizations.

SEMESTER SPRING 2012 

Conflict Management (HRM 624) 

Assignment No. 1 

Due Date: 26 April 2012 

Marks: 15 Case 

The top management of a large fertilizer manufacturing company recently faced a sudden crisis as its HR manager resigned because of the increasing number of conflicts within the organization. The organization urgently hired a new HR manager who had ten years of professional experience of HR matters in the same sector. The newly hired HR manager was initially given a task of departmental restructuring for reducing the number of departmental conflicts and for clarifying the departmental goals – for which a new performance management system was also developed by him. Recent performance appraisal reports in the organization have shown that there have been increasing numbers of departmental conflicts, especially among the managers and employees, mainly because of the differences on performance matters. Moreover, last year’s turnover ratio has been significantly high, which is a real concern for the top management. Now this newly hired HR manager has been give the task to explore the actual reasons behind these issues and to settle the matter as soon as possible. The new HR manager thinks that he needs to establish mutually acceptable goals in the first phase –along with the preparation of individual job descriptions by the HR department for all the employees. For this, top management has approved his HR plan for the current year. HR manager informed all the departments about these actions and had the separate meetings with their managers. These newly designed actions of HR manager gave him a greater role of departmental monitoring and control. Managers of all the departments accepted this new plan and thought it to be a good for introducing a mechanism of procedural justice which will minimize the number of possible conflicts in the organization. But the manager of “Operations Department” thought that he should manage all the activities of his department including HR issues of his department by himself without any interference of HR manager. “Operations Manager” thought that he needs to have an increased control over his department and argues that his department has always achieved the targets; and he is least bothered about the number of conflicts in his department until he is achieving his goals. He also says that his department does not need any specific job descriptions from HR department and that he will allocate and monitor different tasks to his employees by himself from time to time. But on the other side, HR manager is more concerned about reducing the number of conflicts in all the departments by personally remaining in contact will all the employees; so that their professional and psychological development could be done on continuous basis. Now this new situation of an apparent dispute of HR Manager with the Operations Manager is a new issue for the top management. Top management would never want to lose another valuable manager once again and nor does the organization allow turnover on such minor issues. Top management wants HR manager to resolve this issue on urgent basis. Top management also wants HR manager not to disclose this conflict to other managers. Considering the above situation, answer the following questions on the basis of your knowledge that you have acquired so far from this course. Questions 1. Do you think that a mixed-motive situation exists in this dispute? If no then why; if yes then give two suggestions for the HR manager to enhance promotive interdependence with his disputant? (Marks: 10) 2. Do you think that this dispute can be resolved through “Alternate Dispute Resolution” (ADR)? If yes then which would be the best ADR method to resolve the dispute in this situation on long term basis? (Marks: 5) Instructions: Please read the following instructions carefully before preparing the assignment solution: • Please be precise while answering your question and avoid lengthy answers. • Totally avoid cheating as it will be graded as zero. Note: Only in the case of Assignment, 24 hours extra / grace period after the due date is usually available to overcome uploading difficulties which may be faced by the students on last date. This extra time should only be used to meet the emergencies and above mentioned due dates should always be treated as final to avoid any inconvenience. Important Instructions: Please read the following instructions carefully before attempting the assignment solution. Deadline: • Make sure that you upload the solution file before the due date. No assignment will be accepted through e-mail once the solution has been uploaded by the instructor. Formatting guidelines: • Use the font style “Times New Roman”/ “Arial” and font size “12”. • It is advised to compose your document in MS-Word 2003. • Use black and blue font colors only. Solution guidelines: • Every student will work individually and has to write in the form of an analytical assignment. • Give the answer according to question. • For acquiring the relevant knowledge don’t rely only on handouts but watch the video lectures and use other reference books also. Rules for Marking Please note that your assignment will not be graded or graded as Zero (0) if: • It has been submitted after due date • The file you uploaded does not open or is corrupt • It is in any format other than .doc (MS. Word) It is cheated or copied from other students, internet, books, journals etc… Important Note for those courses where calculations and graphs are required. • Calculate to the point where calculation is being required. NO need to write irrelevant material or extra interpretation. • Draw diagrams by yourself. Do NOT copy from any source. NO need to write irrelevant material.

Gross domestic product to the market value officially recognized final goods and services with in country in a given period. It has a major affect of gross domestic product and the economy. The state bank of the country has to issue currency in order to fulfill loan needs in the country. The inflation in the country increase and effect badly lower and mid class of economy.

..............

A. Disruption in Energy Supplies

Supply Curve would indeed move to the left. The demand curve for energy is generally constant, so there is no move in the demand curve. If anything, there would be a increase depending on the disruption in energy supplies. Remember after Hurricane Katrina, the huge spike in price.

GDP would be affected. It would likely decrease because energy is a major part of any economy. 

Inflation would rise because if there is a shortage in the supply, naturally, the price will increase based on simple economics. Depending on variables, high inflation could cause consumers to begin hoarding out of concern that prices will increase more in the future.

Unemployment would rise depending on the longevity of the disruption in energy supplies especially a nation as dependent on oil and coal.

B. New Information Technology

The supply curve would definitely push the curve to the right. The demand curve would likely move to the right as well depending on the technology.

GDP: Yes, it would definitely rise the GDP because the productivity is is more.

Inflation: Uncertain about inflation, but it would probably remain the same or likely decrease.

Unemployment Depending on the technology, it really differs. Automated phones across the country have put some people out of work. Many manufacturers downsized due to technology. Overall, it is hard to say.

C. Fear of recession

There is really no movement in the supply curve, but the demand curve would definitely be dramatic, and we are all witnesses of fear mongering in this recession. This causes surpluses in supply and a lot of money lost.

GDP would go decrease without a doubt. Again this is self evident in our current circumstance.

Inflation: Rather than a increase in prices, there would be a rather decrease in prices. It is could deflation, but more likely a disinflation

Unemployment: There will be a rapid increase in unemployment. Again, our current situation.

D. Increase in exports

The demand curve obviously increased to whatever foreign entity, but the supply curve would probably move to the right in order to meet the demands.

GDP: Foreign investment is always a benefit to a economy, so it would have to be beneficial and increase.

Inflation: Yes an increase in price since there is a higher demand.

Unemployment: Since it is not FDI, it would probably decrease anyway due to the increase production.