Question: 

Election commission of Pakistan had divided the whole Punjab province in 279 constituencies for the voting of Members of Provincial Assembly in previous general elections. The voting turnout was observed as an average of 47.5%. The proportion of rural voters is greater than that of urban voters.The purpose of the study is to find out the factors and perceptions that affect the participation of a voter in elections. The target population is the voters who cast vote for the selection of the Members of Provincial Assembly in Punjab.
A famous research organization is mostly conducting research in the socio-economic issues. That research organization wants to conduct a study on the voting behavior of the people in the previous general elections in Punjab. Voting behavior is a set of attitudes, beliefs and sentiments towards election.

Requirement:
1. Which sampling technique is appropriate in this particular research? Explain your answer.
 2. Suggest the appropriate data collection tool that can be used by the research organization. Give the solid rationale for your answer.

Solution:
1. Which sampling technique is appropriate in this particular research? Explain your answer.
This case study shows that the research is base on the historical data but its main focus on the behaviour of the people such as attitudes, beliefs and sentiments all of these shows that in this research onle  "Qualitative method" is suitable for research because of many reasons such as:

•  According to the Max Weber Qualitative approach is the behavioral sciences.
• The aim is to explain behaviour and attitudes by developing a discussion
• By using this technique getting people to talk through in their own words how they see a particular idea.
• Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. 
• it based on the specific area that is PUNJAB

2. Suggest the appropriate data collection tool that can be used by the research organization. Give the solid rationale for your answer.

        
    In this research the data collection tools is used:

• Using available information tool
• Observation

1. As we know that the research is bassed on the larger scale and based on the previous data so for such type of research we can use the  Available information that has already been collected by others.
2. OBSERVATION is a technique that involves systematically selecting, watching and recording behaviour You can aslo use this tool but as we know that this method is based on the smaal scale so it become very difficult to conduct observation of each individual so according to my point of view the available information is perfect

Solution

 Pros.

There are many business pros to N-Tier Architecture. For example, a small business can begin running all tiers on a single machine. As traffic and business increases, each tier can be expanded and moved to its own machine and then clustered. This is just one example of how N-Tier Architecture improves scalability and supports cost-efficient application building. 

N-Tier model also make applications more readable and reusable. It reduces the amount of spaghetti code. Custom tag libraries and EJBs are easier to port to readable applications in well-maintained templates. Reusability multiplies developer productivity and improves application maintainability. It is an important feature in web applications. 

N-Tier Architectures make application more robust because there is no single point of failure. Tiers function with relative independence. For example, if a business changes database vendors, they just have to replace the data tier and adjust the integration tier to any changes that affect it. The business logic tier and the presentation tier remain unchanged. Likewise, if the presentation layer changes, this will not affect the integration or data layer. In 3-Tier Architecture all the layers exist in one and affect each other. A developer would have to pick through the entire application code to implement any changes. Again, well-designed modules allow for applications or pieces of applications to be customized and used across modules or even projects. Reusability is particularly important in web applications. 

As demonstrated N-Tier Architecture offers innovations in the standard Client-Server technology that spawned the Internet itself. It is but one of many web application frameworks. These are used to develop dynamic web sites, web applications or web services. They provide database access libraries, templates, and, as previously stated code re-use. Most web application frameworks follow the Model View Controller (MVC) which separate the user interface, the business rules and the data model. They provide authentication and authorization to provide security. This allows the web server to restrict user access based on pre-determined criteria. Web application frameworks also provide a unified API (Application programming Interface). This allows web application to work with various databases without requiring any code change. These frameworks also maintain a web template system.

Cons.

Single layer architectures do not adapt to changes very easily. Often a minor change in technology or requirements will result in a major rewrite of large portions of the application.

Since the design is more complex than the single or two layer design, the implementation will also be more complex. When compared to pure VFP single layered design data access performance may be affected. Because of the nature of the data access mechanisms the presentation layer’s user interface design may be affected.

Creates an increased need for network traffic management, server load balancing, and fault tolerance. 

Current tools are relatively immature and are more complex. 

Maintenance tools are currently inadequate for maintaining server libraries. This is a potential obstacle for simplifying maintenance and promoting code reuse throughout the organization

Assignment No. 02 Marks: 30

“Assignment # 02”
A famous research organization is mostly conducting research in the socio-economic issues. That research organization wants to conduct a study on the voting behavior of the people in the previous general elections in Punjab. Voting behavior is a set of attitudes, beliefs and sentiments towards election. The purpose of the study is to find out the factors and perceptions that affect the participation of a voter in elections. The target population is the voters who cast vote for the selection of the Members of Provincial Assembly in Punjab. Election commission of Pakistan had divided the whole Punjab province in 279 constituencies for the voting of Members of Provincial Assembly in previous general elections. The voting turnout was observed as an average of 47.5%. The proportion of rural voters is greater than that of urban voters.

1. Which sampling technique is appropriate in this particular research? Explain your answer.
Solution:
This case study shows that the research is base on the historical data but its main focus on the behavior of the people such as attitudes, beliefs and sentiments all of these shows that in this research onle "Qualitative method" is suitable for research because of many reasons such as:
According to the Max Weber Qualitative approach is the behavioral sciences.
The aim is to explain behavior and attitudes by developing a discussion
By using this technique getting people to talk through in their own words how they see a particular idea.
Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior.
it based on the specific area that is PUNJAB
 

2. Suggest the appropriate data collection tool that can be used by the research organization. Give the solid rationale for your answer.
Solution:
In this research the data collection tools is used:
Using available information tool
Observation
As we know that the research is based on the larger scale and based on the previous data so for such type of research we can use the Available information that has already been collected by others.
OBSERVATION is a technique that involves systematically selecting, watching and recording behavior You can also use this tool but as we know that this method is based on the small scale so it become very difficult to conduct observation of each individual so according to my point of view the available information is perfect

Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks 

Quiz Start Time: 05:08 PM
Time Left
79
sec(s)
Question # 1 of 10 ( Start time: 05:08:46 PM )
Total Marks: 1
The pattern movement became very quiet until ------------- when patterns appeared again at an OOPSLA conference.
Select correct option:
1987
1988
1962
1995
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Quiz Start Time: 05:08 PM
Time Left
87
sec(s)
Question # 2 of 10 ( Start time: 05:09:52 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Which piece of code is self-documented?
Select correct option:
if (x==0) // this is the case when we are allocating a new number
if (AllocFlag == 0)
If (AllocFlag == NEW_NUMBER)
None of the given
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Quiz Start Time: 05:08 PM
Time Left
87
sec(s)
Question # 3 of 10 ( Start time: 05:11:13 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Variables should be initialized where they are ------and they should be declared in the ------scope possible.
Select correct option:
defined and smallest
declared and medium
defined and medium
declared and smallest
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Quiz Start Time: 05:08 PM
Time Left
79
sec(s)
Question # 4 of 10 ( Start time: 05:11:55 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Complex expressions should be broken down into multiple statements. Select the correct one *x += (*xp=(2*k < (n-m) ? c[k+1] : d[k--]));
Select correct option:
if (2*k < n-m) *xp = c[k+1]; else *xp = d[k--]; *x = *x + *xp;
if (2*k <= n-m) *xp = c[k+1]; *xp = d[k--]; *x = *x + *xp;
if (2*k < n-m) *xp = d[k--]; else *xp = c[k+1]; *x = *x + *xp;
None of the given
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Quiz Start Time: 05:08 PM
Time Left
88
sec(s)
Question # 5 of 10 ( Start time: 05:13:12 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Goto statements violates the idea of
Select correct option:
object oriented code
structured code
control structure
repetition structure
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Quiz Start Time: 05:08 PM
Time Left
88
sec(s)
Question # 5 of 10 ( Start time: 05:13:12 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Goto statements violates the idea of
Select correct option:
object oriented code
structured code
control structure
repetition structure
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Quiz Start Time: 05:08 PM
Time Left
86
sec(s)
Question # 6 of 10 ( Start time: 05:14:11 PM )
Total Marks: 1
in the case of zero-install, the network environment is used to ---------server side processing by adding a number of servers which share processing load.
Select correct option:
Distribute
Centeralize
shift
None of the above
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Quiz Start Time: 05:08 PM
Time Left
84
sec(s)
Question # 7 of 10 ( Start time: 05:15:14 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Which one is the is the most desirable quality of a software artifact.
Select correct option:
Reliability
Performance
Maintainability
All of the given
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Quiz Start Time: 05:08 PM
Time Left
89
sec(s)
Question # 8 of 10 ( Start time: 05:16:37 PM )
Total Marks: 1
Which of these is a graphical notation for depicting procedural detail?
Select correct option:
box diagram
decision table
ER diagram
graph matrix
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Quiz Start Time: 05:08 PM
Time Left
88
sec(s)
Question # 9 of 10 ( Start time: 05:18:25 PM )
Total Marks: 1
A decision table should be used
Select correct option:
to document all conditional statements
to guide the development of the project management plan
only when building an expert system
when a complex set of conditions and actions appears in a component
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Quiz Start Time: 05:08 PM
Time Left
85
sec(s)
Question # 10 of 10 ( Start time: 05:19:09 PM )
Total Marks: 1
N-tier architecture stems from the struggle to find a -----------between the fatclient architecture and the thin-client architecture.
Select correct option:
Concurrency
Concurrency
Middle ground
Similarity
Bottom of Form

CS 601 3RD ASSIGNMENT SOLUTION 

a. Is the transmission medium a part of the physical layer? Why or why not? 

Solution:

The transmission medium is the physical path between transmiter and receiver in a data transmission system.

The term transmission medium can also refer to the technical device which employs the material substance to transmit or guide the waves. Thus an optical fiber or a copper cable can be referred to as a transmission medium. 

Coaxial Cable, One example of a transmission medium 

Electromagnetic radiation can be transmitted through an optical media, such as optical fiber, or through twisted pair wires,coaxial cable, or dielectric-slab waveguides. It may also pass through any physical material which is transparent to the specific wavelength, such as water, air, glass, or concrete. Sound is, by definition, the vibration of matter, so it requires a physical medium for transmission, as does other kinds of mechanical waves and heat energy. Historically, various aether theories were used in science and thought to be necessary to explain the transmission medium. However, it is now known that electromagnetic waves do not require a physical transmission medium, and so can travel through the "vacuum" of free space. Regions of the insulative vacuum can become conductive for electrical conduction through the presence of free electrons, holes, or ions.

b. What is the significance of the twisting in twisted-pair cable? 

Solution: 

They are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources; for The significance of twisting in twisted pair cable is as follows: 

Instance, electromagnetic radiation from unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs. 

It reduces the cross-sectional are exposed to magnetic fields, so reduces noise pickup on the line. The twisting also evens out the neg/pos exposure, minimizing common-mode noise. 

If the two wires are twisted around each other at regular intervals (b/w 2& 12 twists per foot), each wire is closer to the noise source for half the time and is away for the other half

Twisting does not always eliminate the impact of noise but it does significantly reduce it

With twisting, therefore the cumulative effect of the interference is equal on both wires

Each section of wire has a “Load” of 4 when it is on the top of the twist and ‘3’ when it is on the bottom

The total effect of the noise at the receiver is therefore 0 (14-14)

c. What is the purpose of cladding in an optical fiber? Discuss its density relative to the core. 

Solution: 

Optical fibers are used to transmit light over distances of up to several hundred kilometers. A typical optical fiber consists of a cylindrical glass core, just a few micrometers in diameter, surrounded by a layer of a slightly different type of glass known as the cladding. Light in the core travels slightly slower than light in the cladding and this property tends to keep any light sent into the core from one end of the fiber from leaking out, until it reaches the far end. The cladding is a glass sheath that surrounds the core. The cladding acts like a mirror, reflecting light back into the core. The cladding itself is covered with  a Plastic coating and strength material when appropriate. 

It gives strength to the fiber. In practical fibers, the cladding is usually coated with a tough resin buffer layer, which may be further surrounded by a jacket layer, usually plastic. These layers add strength to the fiber but do not contribute to its optical wave guide properties. Rigid fiber assemblies sometimes put light-absorbing ("dark") glass between the fibers, to prevent light that leaks out of one fiber from entering another. This reduces cross-talk between them. 

d. How does sky propagation differ from line-of-sight propagation? 

Solution:

You’re probably talking about bouncing AM radio waves, and lower frequencies off of the ionosphere, vs. higher frequencies radio waves, like microwaves, requiring line of sight from a transmitter to the receiver. The ionosphere, because it’s excited plasma, has a unique permittivity that reflects EM waves that are below a certain frequency. Waves that have a low frequency will be reflected back to the earth and can propagate greater distances around the earth when compared to the limits of line of site propagation. Of course now we have satellites.

There are various layers on the atmosphere. D - E - F1 and F2 layers. The F1 layer is opaque to low frequency radio waves (HF).

The medium frequency wave will propagate to the F2 layer.

E layer propagation works much the same way but reflects VHF and UHF (90 -800 MHz). VHF is really 30 MHz up to 300Mhz, but above 90 MHz the E layer reflects the signals better. Sporadic E is a densely ionized layer of Nitrogen atoms that are ionize\zed by high energy particles from the solar wind. Excited Oxygen Helium and Hydrogen atoms also plasmate too. These pasmated atoms (highly excited atoms) propagate UHF and microwaves, too. 

Modulation types have no bearing on propagation, though Single Sideband (SSB) suppressed carrier with a bandwidth of 3khz and CW (Continuous Wave - 200 - 800Hz) and a narrow band with a narrow IF pass-band will be detected by the envelope modulation detector before any other modulation types at further distances. 

The D layer will break down when the sun falls below the horizon, and medium wave signals will bounce of the F1 and F2 layers and travel further.

MGT401 GDB # 2 Solution

Entries ill be

debit : asset value by 30000
credit : reveluation surplus by :30000
every year we can charge depreciation 150000/20=7500
if we compare it with depreciation on previous value of 12000 then
120000/20=6000
the difference can be reduced from surplus account and realized as retained earning.
debit: revaluation surplus : 1500
credit retained earning : 1500.

Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: 05:19:32 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following is NOT an important issue relating to goal-setting theory?
Select correct option:

Goal specificity Equity among co-workers
Feedback
Defining the goal

Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 05:19:55 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Group behavior, power, and conflict are central areas of study for _____________.
Select correct option:
Sociologists
Anthropologists
Social psychologists
Operations analysts

Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 05:20:15 AM ) Total Marks: 1
When a bank robber points a gun at a bank employee, his base of power is:
Select correct option:
Coercive
Punitive
Positional
Authoritative

Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 05:21:01 AM ) Total Marks: 1
The managers of a multinational company are located in Taiwan, India, Brazil, and the United States. Which Group decision-making technique seems most reasonable for this organization?
Select correct option:

A postal service interaction
A brainstorming session
A nominal GroupAn electronic meeting

Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 05:21:29 AM ) Total Marks: 1
What do we call it when we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the Group to which he/she belongs?
Select correct option:
Stereotyping
Categorizing
Halo effect
Prototyping

Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 05:22:47 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Sana is an honest and straightforward person. She believes her employees are all similarly honest and straightforward, ignoring signs that they may be manipulating her. What perceptual shortcut is Sana most likely using?
Select correct option:

Contrast effect
Halo effect
Stereotyping Projection

Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 05:23:05 AM ) Total Marks: 1
When your superior offers you a raise if you will perform additional work beyond the requirements of your job, he/she is exercising which of the following power?
Select correct option:

Legitimate
Coercive Reward
Personal

Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 05:23:27 AM ) Total Marks: 1
According to Robert Katz, when managers have the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations, they possess _____________ skills.
Select correct option:

Technical
Leadership
Problem-solving Conceptual

Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 05:23:46 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following statements best characterizes self-managed teams?
Select correct option:

Their team members often have low levels of job satisfaction Their team members prefer to work alone
Their productivity is generally low
They perform poorly during times of employee layoffs

Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 05:25:09 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following theory is proposed by Clayton Alderfer?
Select correct option:

Theory X and Theory Y
Hierarchy of Needs ERG Theory
Theory Z

Question # 11 of 15 ( Start time: 05:26:00 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Adil wants to get credit from the bank but bank can not approve credit to him because of past slow pay record. The bank manager and Adil meet and agree on a win-win solution that meets the need of both parties by involving a guarantee that will ensure payment if not made with in prescribed period. This is an example of
Select correct option:

Compromising intention
Accommodating intention
Distributive negotiation Integrative negotiation

Question # 12 of 15 ( Start time: 05:27:25 AM ) Total Marks: 1
While managing political behaviors in organization, the manager requires discouraging:
Select correct option:

Negotiation
Relationships Self interest
Dialogue

Question # 13 of 15 ( Start time: 05:28:44 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Determining how tasks are to be grouped is part of which management function?
Select correct option:

Planning
Leading
Controlling Organizing

Question # 14 of 15 ( Start time: 05:29:11 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following types of networks is most likely to promote accuracy?
Select correct option:

Chain
Direct Wheel
All-channel

Question # 15 of 15 ( Start time: 05:30:30 AM ) Total Marks: 1
Ahmed believes that men perform better in oral presentations than women. What shortcut has been used in this case?
Select correct option:

The halo effect
The contrast effect
Projection Stereotyping

Consider the following transactions and JUST indicate which type of error is there in these transaction:

1) Good sold to Mr. Saad have been forgotten to record in the Sales Journal

2) Sale goods to Ali is wrongly debited to Uzair Account instead of Ali account.

3) Repair of any fixed asset has been wrongly debited to Fixed asset account.

4) Purchase of goods from Mr. Rizwan is wrongly credited to Mr. Farhan account.



Required:

You are just required to name the type of error in each transaction. No explanation is required from you. And also no entry is required. Just indicate the name of type of
error.

Your answer should be like this



1. Error of ____

2. Error of ____

3. Error of ____

4. Error of ____


Be specific and to the point. Only provide one line answer as given above.

Solution:-

1. Error of Omission

2. Error of Commission

3. Error of Principle

4. Error of Commission

Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks 

	May	June
Balance opening	11500	3400
February	-------------------------------	-----------------------------
March	10500	------------------------------
April	29400	12600
May	12000	19600
June	------------------------	6000
Total cash inflow	63400	41600
Less disbursement	-60000	-45000
Net cash inflow -outflow	3400	-3400

March


Cash sales = 30%of total sales15000

Credit sales = 70% of total sales 35000

Recovery of credit sales in May = 30% of credit sales = 10500



April

Cash sales = 30% of total sales 18000

Credit sales = 42000

Recovery of credit sales in May = 70% of credit sales = 29400

Recovery of credit sales in June= 30% of credit sales = 12600



May

Cash sales = 30% of total sales 12000

Credit sales = 28000

Recovery or credit sales in June = 70% of credit sales = 19600



June

Cash sales = 30% of total sales 6000

Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks 

Spring 2010 Mid Term Result Announced

The result of Spring 2010 Mid Term Examinations has been announced and published. The students are advised to check their LMS grade books.
 

NOTE:
Spring 2010 Final Term Examination will commence on 7th August 2010 for which the date sheet interface will be launched during the 2nd week of July 2010

book page No. 75

Last in first out (LIFO)

As the name suggests, the LIFO method is based on the assumption that the recently purchased

merchandise is issued first. The LIFO uses actual purchase cost. Thus, if merchandise has been

purchased at several different costs, the inventory (stock) will have several different cost prices. The

cost of goods sold for a given sales transaction may involve several different cost prices.

Characteristics

•
This is alternatively used method for determining values of cost of goods sold and closing stock.

• In the LIFO method recent available purchase costs are transferred to cost of goods sold. That

means the cost of goods sold has a higher value and the profitability of the organization becomes lower.
•
As the current stock is valued at oldest prices, the current assets of the company have the oldest

assessed values.
 

Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks 

Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: 02:46:48 PM ) Total Marks: 1
When managers avoid the rational decision-making model and find ways to satisfice themselves , they are following which of the following concept?
Select correct option:

Jurisprudence
Bounded rationality
Least-squared exemptions
Self-motivated decisions

Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: 02:47:14 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Agency head or plant manager is most likely associated with which of the following managerial role?
Select correct option:

Team leaders
Middle managers
First-line managers
Top managers

Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: 02:47:37 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Which of the following approach focuses on a set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole?
Select correct option:

Process
Function
Systems
Contingency

Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 02:49:30 PM ) Total Marks: 1
A leading supporter of the classical view argues that anytime managers decide on their own to spend their organization’s resources for the “social good,” are:
Select correct option:

Contributing social benefits in the name of goodwill
Just doing what the government says they have to do
Helping make society a better place for everyone to live
Adding to the costs of doing business

Question # 8 of 15 ( Start time: 02:50:41 PM ) Total Marks: 1
A state legislative plan that calls for a 2.45 percent increase in tobacco sales tax for the next 2 years would be considered which of the following type of plan?
Select correct option:

Tactical
Operational
Specific
Directional

Question # 9 of 15 ( Start time: 02:51:01 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Management science and operations management are the branches of:
Select correct option:

Knowledge management
Total quality management
Marketing management
Quantitative management

Question # 10 of 15 ( Start time: 02:52:07 PM ) Total Marks: 1
An organization’s specific environment:
Select correct option:

Is unique and changes with conditions
Is the same regardless of the organization’s age
Is determined by the top level of management
Is quantified to determine its existence

Question # 11 of 15 ( Start time: 02:52:32 PM ) Total Marks: 1
The time period for the construction of pyramids was:
Select correct option:

10 years
15 years
30 years
20 years


Question # 12 of 15 ( Start time: 02:53:07 PM ) Total Marks: 1
An appropriate managerial behavior in a given situation that depends on a wide variety of elements, is called:
Select correct option:

Open system
Contingency perspective
Entropy
Quantitative perspective

Question # 13 of 15 ( Start time: 02:53:37 PM ) Total Marks: 1
All of the following are reasons to look at theoretical perspectives of management EXCEPT:
Select correct option:

Understanding the present
Source of new ideas
History repeats itself
Guide to action

Question # 14 of 15 ( Start time: 02:54:22 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Ali has just received each and every necessary statistics on the proposed new purchases for his organization. Ali is now ready to render his decision about them. Ali will be making his decision under conditions best referred to as:
Select correct option:

Risk
Certainty
Risk avoidance
Uncertainty

Question # 15 of 15 ( Start time: 02:55:25 PM ) Total Marks: 1
Discrepancy between existing and a desired state of affairs is called:
Select correct option:

Opportunity
Solution
Weakness
Problem

Q.1 XYZ is an organization, wants to develop the network. Total numbers of computers are 7. Which topology is best suitable for the network? Justify your  answer. 4 Marks
Answer:
Bus is a possible selection for networking of 7 computers due to following:
 No server required.
 If one node is down, the overall functionality of network is not affected.
 All computers can receive the message at same time and respond accordingly.

Q.2 If computer A wants to transmit the data to computer F, then 6 Marks
What condition should A satisfy?
What protocol should be used?
And how the data will transmit?
 

Answer:
1. 1st Part (Conditions): 
 Data transmission may be counter clockwise.
 Nodes should not fail during the process. 2. 2nd Part (Protocol): 
 Sensing idle connection before data transmission.
 Re-send data if packet data is corrupted or lost. 3. 3rd Part (Data transmission): 
 Data is transmitted by computer A and received by computer H.
 Computer H receives it and then re-sends it to next computer which is computer H.
 Computer H also receives it and finds it to be not related to computer
H. Therefore, it passes the data to next computer which is F.
 Computer F receives the data and processes it.
 

Please do make changes in these assignment otherwise every one who copy this assignment as it is will awarded zero marks