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Question 1: [Marks 10]

Let us consider a situation in which functionality is placed in device controller instead of keeping that functionality in kernel.

Write down any two advantages and any two disadvantages of this scenario.

Ans: 

Kernel modules offer a unique trick to maximize the functionality of the kernel, which is placing functionality in device controller instead of keeping it in kernel. We get following advantages and disadvantages by doing this:-

Advantages

Operating systems remain safe from bugs which cause operating systems crash. 

System performance is improvised as functionality is given to device controller instead of kernel. 

Kernel is simplified by taking algorithms out of it. 

Disadvantages

In case of existing bugs or errors, device driver firmware software has to be upgraded, which is a difficult in newly installed hardware. 

Embedded algorithms can decrease the system performance as it will consume the more resources of the system. 

Question 2: [Marks 5]

Let us consider a scenario in which a job/process loses its ability of using a CPU when it gets rolled out of memory.

Ans: 

A process is a program in execution. When a process is sent to printer it gets rolled out of memory and goes to printer. But if printer is failed to respond on the given task then the process will lose its ability to use the CPU. 

Explain a scenario in which a job/process loses its ability of using a CPU without getting rolled out of memory.

Ans:

When an interrupt occurs process loses its ability of using a CPU without getting rolled out of memory. This interrupt can be errors in process like division by zero or illegal operation.